Vitamins

Question 0

B2

Answer 0

Riboflavin; –> forms FAD, deficiency not associated with a specific disease but often comes along with other diseases/vit deficiencies, sympt: dermatitis, glossitis (tongue is dark and smooth)

Question 1

B1

Answer 1

thiomin, TPP coenzymes–> pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha ketogluterate dehydrogenase, transketolase ; BCKD

DC: Beri Beri ; Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (alcoholics, confusion, ataxia, rythmic to and fro eyeball motion, memory problems)

Question 2

B3

Answer 2

Niacin; important part of NAD, NADP
- found in unrefined and enriched grains, cereal, milk, and lean meats
DC: Pellagra - 3Ds, dermititis, diahrea, dementia (and death if untreated) , corn is low in niacin and tryptophan so can cause pellagra

Question 3

B5

Answer 3

pantothenic acid, component of CoA which transfers acyl groups; also a component of fatty acid synthase
found in eggs, liver, and yeast,
deficiency not well characterized in humans

Question 4

B6

Answer 4

• pyridoxine phosphate “PLP” cofactor in aminotransferase which is the first step in amino acid degradation and takes the amino group (NH3) from the amino acid and puts it on alpha ketogluterate makes glutamate and alpha keto acid (measured in liver fn test)
• B6 also used in methyl pathway to convert homocysteine to cysteine when there is adequate methionine
• Glycogen phosphorylase (glycogenolysis)
• generally a vitamin present in a large number of enzyme that catalyze rxns involving amino acids,
• significant toxicity if you take too much, also deficiency can be induced by a TB med

Question 5

B7

Answer 5

Biotin; binds Co2
Part of pyruvate carboxylase in converting pyr to OAA in gluconeogenesis
DC: avidin binds biotin can’t bind CO2 and activate ; generally not a disease state bc biotin is found widely in food and a large amt is made by intestinal bacteria

Question 6

B9

Answer 6

Folic Acid; used to convert homocysteine into methionine, lack of it can cause neural tube defects in fetuses aka spinea bifida
- pregnant women and alcoholics (leafy green vegetables)

Question 7

B12

Answer 7

Cobalamin;
-cofactor in enzyme that converts homocystein to methionine in methyl donation cycle (and synthesis of methionine pathways if methionine is low);
- cofactor in isomeraization for branched chain FAs
get B12 from meat and dairy; neurological manifestations in mylenation;
- malabsorption of colbalamin common in eldery, can’t give it to them orally bc not absorbed so have to get it injected
- “Pernicious anemia” autoimmune destruction of gastric parietal cells; called pernicious bc folic acid can mask the anemia until CNS symptoms develop