Vitamins Flashcards
3 Supplied by Intestinal Microbes
K, folic acid, and biotin
Vitamin A Deficiency and Excess
Blindness/night blindness
Tissue damage in liver, CNS, bones, and skin
Vitamin D Deficiency and Excess
Osteoporosis/bone malformation and NM and immune function/inflammation
Toxic hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia
Vitamin E Excess
Increased risk of prostate cancer
Vitamin K/Warfarin
Vitamin K is necessary for blood clotting, Warfarin blocks the recycling, not utilization, of Vitamin K (also stored in fat so dosing Warfarin can be tricky)
Vitamin B1 Deficiency (Thiamin)
Beriberi - needed for oxidative decarboxylation
Vitamin B2 Deficiency (Riboflavin)
Lower metabolic rates and need for increased food, fats exacerbate this bc heavily involved in breakdown
Niacin (B3) Source, Deficiency, Benefit, and Toxicity
Plants and bran and shit
Difficiency causes pellagra
Good for CV function (raises HDL and lowers VLDL)
Excess can cause dilation of b.v.s into liver failure
B12 Deficiency
Leads to folate deficiency which leads to megaloblastic pernicious anemia
Schilling Test
Stage I - muscular injection of radiolabaled followed by oral dose. Measured in urine
Stage II: Given w/ IF
Stage III: Repeat after 2 weeks of antibiotics
IV: Pancreatic enzymes given for 3 days prior
Folate Trap
Folic acid goes b/w tons of interchangeable forms. Once reaches methyl-THF, needs to go via B12 to SAM to get back. If lacking B12, trapped there
Also necessary to make some CATs so lacking and SSRIs don’t work
Vitamin C FUnction
Hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen function, stabilizing at higher temps
Ca Deficiency Treatment
Increased dietary Ca plus maybe biphosphonate (osteoclast inhibitor) bc more won’t help if hormones wrong
Fe Deficiency/Poisoning
Anemia
Generate ROS, most common in young kids bc pregnant women need Fe supplements
