vitamins Flashcards
B1 thiamine
-needed for thiamine pryophosphate TPP
B2 riboflavin
FAD, FMN
B3 niacin
NAD+
B5 pantothenic acid
CoA
B6 pyridoxine
PLP (pyridoxal phosphate transamination)
B7 biotin
adds 1 c groups
-needed in pyruvate carboxylase, acetyl coA carboxylase m propionyl coA carboxylase
B9 folate
1 carbon transfer.methylatation reactions
synthesis of nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA
B12 cobalamin
cofactor for homocysteine methyltransferase
transfers CH3 groups on methylcobalamin and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
use viatmin A to treat
-meases, AML
Name 4 enzymes that use thiamine pryophosphate
pyruvate dehydrogenase
aketoglutarate dehydrogenase
transketolase
branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase
dry beriberi
polyneuritis, symmetricla muscle wasting
wet beriberi
highoutput cardiac failure, dilated cardiomyopathy, edema
vitamin B2 riboflavin is needed for FAD and FMN name a reaction that uses FAD
succinate dehydrogenase in TCA
what are some symptoms of B2 riboflavin deficiency?
cheliosis (inflammation of lips, scaling and fissures at the corners of the mouth), corneal vascularization
The symptoms of pellagra
- diarrhea
- dementia
- dermatitis
Vitamin B3 niacin
constituent of NAD and NADP+
- derived from tryptophan
- synthesis requires B2 (riboflavin) and B3 (pyridoxine)
- used to treat dyslipidemia, lowers levels of VLDL and raises levels of HDL
Deficiency:
glossitis
pellagra (which can be cause by hartnup disease (loss of tryptophan absorption, malignant carcidnoid syndrome increased tryptophan metabolism, and iosoniazin (it decreases vitamin B6).
excess:
flushing, hyperurecemia and hyperglycemia
Vitamin B5 patothenate
essentila for CoA
which is needed for acyl transfers and fatty acid synthase
deficiency: demratitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal inssuficency
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine
- converted to pyridoxial phosphate PLP
- needed for transamination, glycogen phosphorylase and decarboxylation reactions.
synthesisi of :
cystathione, heme, niacin, histamine, and neurotransmitters including serotonin, epinepjrine, norepi, GABA
deficiency:
convulsions, hyperirritabilty, peripheral neuropathy, sideroblastic anemias due to impaired hemoglobin synthesis and iron excess
Vitamin B7 biotin
cofactor for carboxylation reactions
pyruvate carboxylase coverts pyrucate 3c to oxaloacetate 4c
-acetyl coa carboxylase - acetyl coA to malonyl coA
propionyl coA carboxylase - propionyl coa A to methylmalonyl coA
deficieny - rare, can be caused by antibiotic use or excessive ingestion of raw egss as avidin in eggs whites avidly binds to biotin
LAbs for folate B9 deficiency
increased homocysteine
normal methylmalonic acid
labs for B12 cobalamin deficiency
increased serum homocysteine and methylmalonic acid
vitamin C
- antioxidant
- facilitates iron absorption by reducing it to Fe2+ state
- necessary for hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis
- necessary for Dopamine beta hydroxylase which DA to NE
ethanol metabolism causes increased NADH/NAD+ ration in the liver causing
- pyruvate to lactate
- oxaloacetate to malate (prevents gluconeogenesis)
- glyceradehyde 3-phosphate to glycerol 3-phosphate (combines with fatty acids to make TG –> hepatostosis)
- disafavors TCA production of NADH so acetyl coA is used for ketogenesis –> ketoacidosis and lipgenesis –> hepatosteatosis
Fomepizole
inhibits alcohol dehydrogenas and is an antidote for methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning.
disulfam
inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
-acetaldehyde accumulates –> hangover symptoms
