Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHAR 153 > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Why do people take vitamins?

A

-Dietary Insurance (Overkill but ‘go ahead’)

-Energy (100% psychological)

-Illness Prevention (Don’t do much)

-Specific Medical Reasons (Eye Vitamins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Provide an example of when a vitamin would be a better option than dietary supplementation.

A

Vitamin B12… Less stomach acid as we age, so getting bodily access to B12 becomes easier if it’s already in a cleaved protein form.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some examples of risk groups that may benefit from vitamin supplementation?

A

-Impoverished
-Alcoholics
-Pregnant & Lactating Women
-Intense Dieters
-Elderly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What’s our defaulted supplement for breast fed infants? How do we handle those infants that live in northern communities?

A

-400 IU Vit. D
-Double it up!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When can infants stop getting D Drops?

A

Once they can drink 1L of formula or fortified whole milk.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Whose call is it to make with regards to iron supplementing infants over the age of 6 months?

A

Physicians (ALWAYS)!!! Even though PediaFER is OTC, should always run by a Dr.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When infants are deemed iron deficient, what’s our recommended product?

A

PediaFER… 15mg / mL.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Provide two reasons for why D-Vi-Sol usage isn’t as popular as it was in the past.

A

1) Introduction of D Drops… 400IU / 1 Drop vs. 400 IU / 1mL (more convenient).

2) Vitamin D toxicity… Overdosing in light of D Drops coming into fruition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the daily Tolerable Upper Limit (UL) for Vit. D for the following age demographics:

i) 0-6 months?
ii) 7-12 months?
iii) 9-70yrs?

A

i) 1000 IU (0-6 months)
ii) 1500 IU (7-12 months)
iii) 4000 IU (9-70yrs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What’s the primary issue that Jeff has with children’s vitamins as they stack up with adult multivitamins?

A

Values are subtherapeutic relative to adult multivitamins… Largely due to the forms that they come in (ie. Gummies taste better, but more additives that result in things being taken out).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What vitamins with regards to prepubescent & teenage girls should we be focused on targeting?

A

Calcium & Iron.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why do frequent sunscreen users require Vit. D supplementation?

A

Sunscreen disrupts Vit. D absorption & the bioactivation process.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do our Ca2+ and Vit. D requirements change as we age?

A

31-50yrs: 1000mg Ca2+, 600IU Vit. D

51-70yrs: 1200mg Ca2+, 600 IU Vit. D

> 70yrs: 1200mg Ca2+, 800IU Vit. D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T or F: Our Vit. B12 intake must increase as we age.

A

False… 2.4ug is the RNI throughout adulthood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Centrum 50+ or Regular Centrum Women’s: Which one is better for Sr. Women with regards to Ca2+ supplementation?

A

Regular Centrum… Women > 50yrs of age require more Ca2+, & regular has more (400mg vs. 300mg).

***If Centrum 50+ is cheaper, recommend that one & suggest an additional Ca2+ tablet or consumption of an extra glass of milk / day.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T or F: Vit. B12 is very toxic & we must be very cautious with its administration.

A

False… Almost entirely non-toxic. Jamison B12 products are totally excessive but safe (1000ug vs. 2.4ug you actually need).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the standard daily intake values for Iron and Folate amongst adult women?

A

Iron: 18mg

Folate: 400ug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the standard daily intake values for Iron and Folate amongst pregnant women?

A

Iron: 27mg (16-20mg supplementation)

Folate: 800ug (400 via supplementation in addition to 400 coming from diet)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do the daily intake values for Calcium change if a pregnant woman is < 18yrs of age?

A

Addition of 300mg (1000 + 300).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What amounts of Vit. D, Folic Acid, & Iron are present in Materna?

A

Vit. D: 400 IU
Folic Acid: 1mg
Iron: 27mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When might 5mg of Folic Acid be desirable to take for a pregnant woman?

A

In cases of high-risk pregnancies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

T or F: Iron is usually the cause for pregnancy-induced nausea & vomiting experienced when taking multivitamins.

A

False (usually)… B Vitamins & their tablet coatings are usually the culprit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

T or F: Materna can be skipped during pregnancy.

A

True (so long as dietary Iron intake is normal).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

T or F: First Response brand prenatal multivitamins are a recommended choice to go to.

A

False… Brand is refutable, but the product is missing lots of important minerals (no Iron, no B Vitamins, no Magnesium, 75mg Ca2+ only).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Provide an example of a brand-name multivitamin that would be a good choice for a pregnant woman desiring less Iron intake.

A

One A Day… 15mg Iron, 500mg Ca2+, 1000IU Vit. D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

T or F: PregVit is a better multivitamin because of the enhanced Iron amounts in it (35mg in AM tabs vs. 27mg recommended).

A

False… More does not equal better!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Pregnancy multivitamins must be prescribed if the amount of Folic Acid per capsule exceeds what?

A

1mg… PregVit = 1.1mg & must be prescribed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is Spina Bifida?

A

Improper neural tube closure that takes place between the 3rd & 4th weeks of fetal development.

29
Q

For what length of time pre-conception & post-pregnancy should a woman supplement her diet with Folic Acid?

A

Pre-Conception: 3 months
Post-Pregnancy: 6 weeks

30
Q

Provide three examples of good dietary sources of Folic Acid.

A

1) 4 Cups Freshly Squeezed OJ (~0.4mg)
2) Bean Sprouts
3) Iceberg Lettuce

31
Q

For the following age demographics, describe the daily Ca2+ intake values for females:

4-8yrs:
9-18yrs:
19-50yrs:
51+yrs:

A

4-8yrs: 1000mg
9-18yrs: 1300mg
19-50yrs: 1000mg
51+yrs: 1200mg

32
Q

Which of the following are side effects due to Ca2+ supplementation (>2500mg/day)?

Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Constipation
Headache
Rash

A

Constipation is the ONLY one that is normally demonstrated at daily intake values past 2500mg/day.

33
Q

Rank the following Ca2+ products by percent elemental Calcium (from least to most):

Calcium Lactate
Calcium Gluconate
Calcium Carbonate

A

1) Gluconate (9% elemental)
2) Lactate (13% elemental)
3) Carbonate (40% elemental)

34
Q

Citracal (ie. Calcium Citrate) is the best Ca2+ supplement for what group of patients?

A

Those on Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI’s).

35
Q

An elderly patient comes to you with questions about what Ca2+ supplement to take. He’s on Pantoprazole (a PPI). Given the following supplement prices, what product would you recommend?

Carbonate: $12 / container
Gluconate: $16 / container
Citrate: $18 / container

A

Carbonate… Is cheaper per container than Citrate & Gluconate.

Carbonate can still be taken by PPI users. However, take at meal times b/c enough acid will be generated during a meal for it to be properly broken down & absorbed!!!

36
Q

What sorts of trends do we see with regards to the amounts of Ca2+ present in Cal-Mag multivitamins?

A

Ca2+ amounts tend to drop when Magnesium is added in (ie. Jamieson Cal-Mag = 333mg Ca2+, 650mg in regular Ca2+ supplement).

37
Q

Why might a Physician tell a patient to take Iron supplements with food?

A

-Ensure compliance.
-Offset metallic burping taste.

38
Q

Rank the following Ferrous Iron supplements by the amounts of elemental Iron present in each (from least to greatest):

Fumarate
Gluconate
Sulfate

A

Ferrous Gluconate: 12%
Ferrous Sulfate: 20%
Ferrous Fumarate: 33%

39
Q

Color code the following Ferrous Iron supplements:

Fumarate -
Sulfate -
Gluconate -

A

Fumarate - Blue
Sulfate - Red
Gluconate - Green

40
Q

A patient comes to your Pharmacy looking for a Ferrous Iron supplement. They tell you that their friend George is on an Iron supplement & complained of ‘metallic-tasting’ burps, so they want a supplement that won’t give that side effect. Knowing what you know about elemental Iron percentages, what product would you recommend and why?

Fumarate
Sulfate
Gluconate

A

Sulfate… Is a middle-ground for both elemental Iron percentages (20%) and minor side effects. Recommend taking the supplement with food as well, as that can offset the metallic taste.

If the patient comes back in and complains the supplement is giving off a metallic taste, give Gluconate & suggest additional dietary supplementation if necessary!

41
Q

At what bioavailability percentage would one be considered “Iron-Deficient”?

A

20%

42
Q

A patient who has been on a slow release 160mg Ferrous Sulfate supplement for 2 weeks comes to your Pharmacy complaining of black stools. This is their only adverse side effect to the product. Should this patient be referred to an MD???

A

No; Black Stools can simply indicate Iron isn’t being absorbed fully.

TID 100mg patients: Be much more cautious with… Black Stools could mean GI bleeds or Peptic Ulcers!

43
Q

Between 1983-2000, what fraction of pediatric overdoses in the US were attributed to Iron toxicity?

A

1/3

44
Q

T or F: Multivitamins provide loads of value in terms of reducing mortality, cancer susceptibility & CV disease risk.

A

False… Bullshit. Evidence is inconclusive at best.

45
Q

T or F: The amount of Niacin found in OTC products (ie. Jamieson tabs) are high enough to act as substantial cardiovascular disease reducers.

A

False; require amounts seen at the Rx level.

46
Q

1) What side effect can be demonstrated with Niacin use?

2) How can this side effect be reduced?

A

1) Flushing
2) Inositol administration

47
Q

What vitamins are “recommended” for those with chronic stress & fatigue?

A

B Complexed Vitamins… Bullshit in terms of giving any additive effects.

48
Q

What must the packaging on multivitamins say for them to show any positive effects on AMD patients?

A

AREDS / AREDS 2 (ie. Bausch & Lomb’s PreserVision)

49
Q

What must the packaging on multivitamins say for them to show any positive effects on AMD patients?

A

AREDS / AREDS 2 (ie. Bausch & Lomb’s PreserVision or Vitalux AREDS formulation)

50
Q

What is the RNI for Magnesium?

A

320-420mg

51
Q

Why are vitamin and mineral suppliers much more reluctant about getting into the Potassium market?

A

Extremely narrow therapeutic window… Hyperkalemia.

52
Q

What is Potassium’s RNI?

A

4700mg

53
Q

A middle-aged man comes into your Pharmacy looking for a nutritional supplement for his 85yr old mother. She’s in palliative care at St. Paul’s Hospital & is unable to chew or swallow whole food. What will you recommend?

A

Ensure or Boost

54
Q

Your father’s Aunt Margaret comes to you complaining about blurry vision a few nights back. She’s Type II diabetic, and she noticed that her vision went blurry during a post-evening snack (white bread with strawberry jam & chocolate). She wants to make changes to her snacking habits that might prevent glucose spikes from occurring. What dietary / supplementary advice would you give her?

A

-Suggest replacing the white bread with whole wheat breads, as they contain more long-chain carbs (more complex in nature & take longer for the body to process).

-Glucerna is a shake supplement that has shown promise improving symptoms of diabetes.

55
Q

What are the recommended RNIs for Vitamin C intake amongst adult men and women?

A

Men: 90mg
Women: 75mg

56
Q

What is the only recognizable form of Vitamin E?

A

Alpha-Tocopherol

57
Q

What is the hype surrounding E Vitamins?

A

Scar Healing & Antioxidant Properties

58
Q

What is the RNI for Vitamin K?

A

100ug (0.1mg)

59
Q

Why is Vitamin K taken?

A

-To prevent uncontrollable bleeding.

-Bone health (elderly).

60
Q

Phylloquinone is the ____ ____ of Vitamin K.

A

Dietary Form

61
Q

What food sources is Phylloquinone found in?

A

Green Vegetables

62
Q

1) Vit’s K2 & K3 are also known as what?

2) They are created how?

A

1)
K2: Menaquinone
K3: Menadione

2) Created by intestinal flora.

63
Q

Of the three K Vitamins, which one is preferred?

A

K1 (Phylloquinone)… Less toxicity concerns & works faster.

64
Q

John comes to your Pharmacy complaining about a chronic UTI that’s persisted for two weeks. He’s on Achromycin (a brand name Tetracyclin). Based on vitamin-drug interactions discussed in class, what supplement might you ask John if he’s taking?

A

Ferrous Iron supplements… Leaching Fe2+ can cause Tetracyclines to be less effective.

65
Q

T or F: Tums can affect one’s ability to absorb Iron.

A

True; Antacids can actually result in less Iron absorption.

66
Q

Gladys comes to your Pharmacy for a PediaPred (Prednisolone) refill to treat her Rheumatoid Arthritis. She comes in regularly for this particular medication, and she tells you that she’s had three fractures in the past month. What might explain her recent run of fractures?

A

Chronic Corticosteroid usage can cause Calcium to leach out of bones & weaken bone integrity.

67
Q

Trey is a 16yr old male who comes to your Pharmacy. He tells you that the girls in his grade think he’s ugly because of his bad acne, and he wants a solution to the problem. What product might you recommend?

A

Oral or Topical Retinoids

68
Q

Trey (the acne boy) can’t afford the Retinoid, and he tells you he read something on the internet that said taking a bunch of Vitamin A can fix his acne. What might you tell him?

A

Loading up on tons of Vitamin A will cause systemic side effects and provide little to no value in terms of fixing his acne.

PHAR 153 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions