Vitamins

Question 1

what are the characteristics of water soluble vitamins

Answer 1

1. excreted through urine
2. needs to be replenished frequently
3. easily lost through wrong food preparation (soaking vegetables for too long)

Question 2

what are the characteristics of fat soluble vitamins

Answer 2

1. can be stored int he body

2. toxic if taken in excess

Question 3

what are the characteristics of vitamin B1

Answer 3

1. soluble in water
2. stable to dry heat (grilling, baking) but not to prolonged cooking
3. can be destroyed by alkali
4. easily destroyed by oxygen

Question 4

functions of vitamin B1

Answer 4

1. release energy from carbohydrates
2. for growth and maintenance of the nervous system, normal functioning
3. maintain muscle tone

Question 5

sources of vitamin B1

Answer 5

offal- liver, kidney
milk
egg
soy beans

Question 6

deficiency of vitamin B1

Answer 6

mild deficiency
fatigue
Irritability 
depression
Forgetfulness 

severe deficiency 
Beri-Beri
disease in the paralysis in the limbs, 
enlargement of the heart
and swelling of the leg

Question 7

what are the characteristics of vitamin b2

Answer 7

slightly soluble in water (little is lost when food is boiled)
destroyed by light (esp when milk is stored in clear glass bottles)
fairly stable to heat
unstable in alkali
not affected by heat, oxidation, acids

Question 8

functions of vitamin b2

Answer 8

• needed for metabolism of protein, fatty acids and carbohydrates
• required for tissue repair
• forms red blood cell
• required for tissue repair

Question 9

sources of vitamin b2

Answer 9

offals; kidney, liver
eggs
soybeans
milk

Question 10

deficiency of vitamin b2

Answer 10

poor growth rate (esp in children)

eye disorders- cataracts and dermatitis (cracks on the lips, mouth, nose, swollen tongue)

Question 11

characteristics of vitamin b3

Answer 11

• fairly soluble in cold water
  very soluble in hot water
• fairly stable to heat, acids and alkalis (less nutrients is lost through cooking)
• can be produced to a certain extent by human intestinal bacteria

Question 12

functions of vitamin b3

Answer 12

• needed for the metabolism for protein, carbohydrates and
• needed for growth
• healthy skin and nails

Question 13

sources of vitamin b3

Answer 13

• milk
• egg
• offals; liver and kidney

Question 14

deficiency of vitamin b3

Answer 14

mild deficiency

• rashes
• liver damage

servere deficiency
pellagra (diarrhoea, dementia, dermatitis)
Symptoms: rough red skin on the neck and hands inflammation of tongue

Question 15

folic acid

Answer 15

required to release energy from amino acids

found in citrus fruits

Question 16

characteristics of vitamin c

Answer 16

• heal cuts and wounds
• soluble in water
• destroyed by heat, alkali solution, oxidation, iron and copper
• cannot be stored in the body

Question 17

function of vitamin c

Answer 17

• builds up body resistance to disease

- aids the absorption of iron

Question 18

sources of vitamin c

Answer 18

• cauliflower

- citrus fruits

Question 19

deficiency of vitamin c

Answer 19

scurvy: bleeding under skin, swollen bleeding gums

Anaemia and blood failure