Vitamin: Names & Deficiencies

Question 1

What is another name for B1?

Answer 1

Thiamine

Question 2

What is another name for B2?

Answer 2

Riboflavin

Question 3

What is another name for B3?

Answer 3

Niacin

Question 4

What is another name for B5?

Answer 4

Panthothenic acid

Question 5

What is another name for B6?

Answer 5

Pyridoxine

Question 6

What is another name for B7?

Answer 6

Biotin

Question 7

What is another name for B9?

Answer 7

Folate

Question 8

What is another name for B12?

Answer 8

Cobalamin

Question 9

What is another name for Thiamine?

Answer 9

Vitamin B1

Question 10

What is another name for riboflavin?

Answer 10

Vitamin B2

Question 11

What is another name for Niacin?

Answer 11

Vitamin B3

Question 12

What is another name for Panthothenic acid?

Answer 12

Vitamin B5

Question 13

What is another name for Pyridoxine?

Answer 13

Vitamin B6

Question 14

What is another name for biotin?

Answer 14

Vitamin B7

Question 15

What is another name for folate?

Answer 15

Vitamin B9

Question 16

What is another name for Cobalamin?

Answer 16

Vitamin B12 (the LARGEST vitamin by MW (molecular weight))

Question 17

What is the active form of thiamine?

Answer 17

TPP

Question 18

What is the active form of riboflavin?

Answer 18

FAD, FMN

Question 19

What is the active form of niacin?

Answer 19

NAD+

Question 20

What is the active form of pantothenic acid?

Answer 20

CoA

Question 21

What is the active form of pyridoxine?

Answer 21

PLP (According to lecture, pyridoxine is THE vitamin for amino acid metabolism.)

Question 22

What is the active form of folate?

Answer 22

THF

Question 23

What is the active form of Vitamin C?

Answer 23

Ascorbic acid

Question 24

What is the active form of Vitamin A?

Answer 24

Retinol

Question 25

What is the active form of Vitamin D?

Answer 25

1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (activated first in the liver, then in the kidney)

Question 26

What are signs of B1 (thiamine) deficiency?

Answer 26

Dry beri beri (nerves), wet beri beri (heart), Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (brain)

Question 27

What are signs of B2 (riboflavin) deficiency?

Answer 27

Two C's: Cheilosis & corneal vascularization; | Others: magenta tongue, angular stomatitis, seborrhea

Question 28

What are signs of B3 (niacin) deficiency?

Answer 28

Pellagara: dementia, dermatitis, diarrhea ("Three D's of niacin deficiency", the fourth one is death); pigmented rash in sun-exposed areas, memory loss, apathy

Question 29

What are signs of B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency?

Answer 29

Seborrhea, glossitis, convulsions, neuropathy, depression, confusion, microcytic anemia

Question 30

What are signs of B9 (folate) deficiency?

Answer 30

Megaloblastic anemia, atrophic glossitis, depression, headache, increased homocysteine levels

Question 31

What are signs of B12 (cobalamin) deficiency?

Answer 31

Megaloblastic anemia, neuro symptoms (abnl gait, dementia, loss of vibratory/position sense), impotence, loss of bladder/bowel control, increased homocysteine, increased methylmalonic acid

Question 32

What are signs of Vitamin C deficiency?

Answer 32

Scurvy: petechia, ecchymosis, coiled hair, inflamed/bleeding gums, joint effusion, saying "yarr" frequently.

Question 33

What are signs of Vitamin A deficiency?

Answer 33

Night blindness, squamous metaplasia, bitot spots (keratin buildup in the conjunctiva), keratomalacia

Question 34

What are signs of Vitamin D deficiency?

Answer 34

Rickets, osteomalacia, rachitic rosary (rib bumps)

Question 35

What are signs of Vitamin K deficiency?

Answer 35

Elevated PT (important in Koagulation). Decreased levels seen in liver disease, newborns, and w/ antibiotic use.

Question 36

What are signs of Zinc deficiency?

Answer 36

Rash, anorexia, diarrhea

Question 37

What are signs of Iron deficiency?

Answer 37

Hypochromic microcytic anemia

Question 38

What are signs of Iodine deficiency?

Answer 38

goiter, hypothyroidism

Question 39

What are signs of Copper deficiency?

Answer 39

aka "swayback". Weakness (myelopathy), periph neuropathy, optical neuropathy, ring sideroblasts (funky blood results, check out Wikipedia or other, more reputable sources)

Question 40

What are signs of Fluoride deficiency?

Answer 40

Dental caries

Question 41

What are signs of Selenium deficiency?

Answer 41

When combined w/ Coxsackie infection: Keshan dz (congestive cardiomyopathy)

Question 42

What causes Vitamin D deficiency?

Answer 42

Aging, lack of sunlight, fat malabsorption, darker-pigmented skin (us pale kids can get the day's worth of Vitamin D synthesized w/ 15 mins of sun exposure. Fun fact.)

Question 43

What causes Vitamin A deficiency?

Answer 43

Fat malabsorption, infection, EtOH, measles, protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). Too much Vitamin A is TOXIC! (From lecture)

Question 44

What causes thiamine (B1) deficiency?

Answer 44

EtOH, chronic diuretic use, hyperemesis (pregnancy, bulimia)

Question 45

What causes folate (B9) deficiency?

Answer 45

EtOH, methotrexate, pregnancy

Question 46

What causes riboflavin (B2) deficiency?

Answer 46

Other vitamin B deficiencies

Question 47

What causes niacin (B3) deficiency?

Answer 47

EtOH, B6/B2 deficiency, tryptophan deficiency

Question 48

What causes pyridoxine (B6) deficiency?

Answer 48

EtOH, isoniazid (TB trx)

Question 49

What causes cobalamin (B12) deficiency?

Answer 49

Pernicious anemia, chronic vegetarian diet, surgery, acid-reducing drugs, terminal ileal disease (or resection).

Question 50

What causes Vitamin C deficiency?

Answer 50

Smoking, EtOH, diet, dialysis, age

Question 51

What are signs of B7 (biotin) deficiency?

Answer 51

Occur rarely, if ever. Infants: hypotonia, lethargy, seizures, apathy, dermatitis, alopecia. Adults: Brittle nails, depression, paresthesias, hallucinations, anorexia, nausea

Question 52

What causes biotin (B7) deficiency?

Answer 52

Consuming too many raw eggs. Avidin binds to biotin and makes it unusable. (Think: I am avid(in) about my egg consumption, but now I have B7 deficiency!)