Vitamin E, K

Question 1

Vitamin E chemical name

Answer 1

Tocopherol

Question 2

Etymology of tocopherol

Answer 2

Greek words
“Toco” - child birth
“Pherin” - to carry or bear

Question 3

Vit E is an anti-aging factor. True or false?

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Physical properties of Vit E

Answer 4

It is a yellow oily liquid freely soluble in fat solvent

Question 5

Forms of Vit E

Answer 5

Alpha, beta, gamma and lambda forms have been identified from its natural sources

Question 6

Vit E food sources

Answer 6

Palm oil
Sunflower
Corn
Soybean
Olive
Nuts
Sunflower seeds
Whole grain 
Leafy greens

Question 7

Recommended Vit E daily intake in men and women

Answer 7

15mg in both

Question 8

Functions of Vit E

Answer 8

• As an antioxidant, scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen
• Prevents peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes
• Preventing oxidation of LDL

Question 9

Effects of Vit E in peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes

Answer 9

• Protecting cell membranes
• Preventing oxidation of low density lipoproteins
• Protecting erythrocyte membrane and prevention of RBCs haemolysis
• Enhances vasodilatation and inhibits platelet aggregation
• Protective effect on reproduction and prevention of sterility.

Question 10

How does Vit E prevention of LDL (low density lipoprotein) oxidation affect the heart?

Answer 10

Oxidized LDL may be more atherogenic (tending to promote formation of fatty deposits in the arteries) than native LDL and thus vitamin E may protect against athreomatous coronary heart disease.

Question 11

Vitamin E deficiency symptoms in reproduction

Answer 11

Abortion of fetus in females & atrophy of spermatogenic structure in males leading to permanent sterility.

Question 12

Vitamin E deficiency symptoms in heart and circulatory system

Answer 12

Heart - necrosis & fibrosis of heart muscle.

Blood capillaries – may lead to degenerative changes in the blood capillaries

Question 13

Vitamin E deficiency symptoms in vision

Answer 13

Ocular changes such as opthalmoplegia (paralysis of eye muscles) and pigmented retinopathy has been reported

Question 14

Which drugs reduce plasma levels of Vit E?

Answer 14

Anticonvulsants like phenobarbital, phenytoin, or carbamazepine

Question 15

Which drugs may decrease the absorption of vitamin E?

Answer 15

Drugs like:

• cholestyramine
• colestipol
• isoniazid
• orlistat
• sucralfate

Question 16

Chemical name of Vitamin K

Answer 16

Phylloquinone

Question 17

Which vitamin is known as the anti–haemorrhagic vitamin?

Answer 17

Vit K

Question 18

Vit K is essential for…

Answer 18

… production of active forms of prothrombin & other factors involved in blood clotting mechanism.

Question 19

Vit K is absorbed in ___ and stored in ___.

Answer 19

…the intestine, the liver and adipose tissues.

Question 20

Food sources of Vit K

Answer 20

• Milk
• Meat
• Fish
• Spinach
• Cabbage
• Cauliflower
• Soya bean
• Wheat germ
• Carrots
• Potatoes
• Tomatoes

Question 21

Recommended dietary intake of Vit K in men and women

Answer 21

90 – 140 µg

Question 22

Recommended dietary intake of Vit K in children

Answer 22

35 – 75 µg

Question 23

Physiological functions of Vit K

Answer 23

• Essential for the hepatic activation of coagulation factors; II, V, VII, IX, X.
• Serves as an essential cofactor in carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in vit K dependent proteins

Question 24

Vit K is essential for the hepatic activation of which coagulation factors?

Answer 24

II, V, VII, IX, X.

Question 25

Effect of Vit K in the carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in vit K dependent proteins

Answer 25

It enables their binding to calcium ions, which allows them to play their role in blood clotting

Question 26

What can lead to Vit K deficiency?

Answer 26

- Malabsorption - Antibacterial therapy - Obstructive jaundice - Surgical operations like cholecystectomy (g all bladder removal)

Question 27

Effects of Vit K deficiency

Answer 27

- Increased clotting time - Prolonged bleeding - Haemorhaghic conditions

Question 28

Vit K deficiency symptoms

Answer 28

* Bruising from bleeding into the skin * Nose bleeds * Bleeding gums * Bleeding in stomach * Blood in stool * Extremely heavy menstrual bleeding * Intracranial bleeding * Hypoprothrombinaemia * Haemorrhagic disease of newborn

Question 29

When is Vit K administered intramuscularly?

Answer 29

- In case of fat malabsorption or risk of excessive bleeding, Vit K can be given intramuscularly. - Newborns are usually given Vit k intramuscularly to prevent intracranial bleeding after delivery

Question 30

Vit K can be given orally. True or false?

Answer 30

True

Question 31

In case of associated liver disorder, vit K is insufficient. What is the solution?

Answer 31

Blood transfusion