vitamin deficiency

Question 1

vit c (aka\_\_)
what is the primary function of this vitamin?

Answer 1

ascorbic acid

scurvy = petechial hemorrhages, gingival swelling, impaired wound healing, and wk immune response

PF= hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis

Question 2

vit B12 (aka  \_\_)
what is the primary function of this vitamin?

Answer 2

cobalamin

macrocytic/megaloblastic anemia
neuro involve can cause UMN + LMN dysfunction, sensory peripheral neuropathy

cofactor in DNA and methionine synthesis

Question 3

niacin (aka___)
what is the primary function of this vitamin?
why is it sometimes used as a medication?

Answer 3

Vitamin B3
the 3 D’s of Vit B3, used 3 times in the TCA cycle

pallegra =
dementia + (photosensitive) dermatitis + diarrhea

e- transfer reaction (NAD/ NADP) in the citric acid cycle: needed to make (3) substrates: isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase

niacin can be given to treat hyperlipidemia (inc HDL, dec LDL/TGs)–> can cause flushing and warmth by the release of prostoglandin

Question 4

vit B6 (aka\_\_)
what is the primary function of this vitamin?

Answer 4

pyridoxine

cheilosis, glossitis, dermatitis, stomatitis, and affective sx

transamination of amino acids= AA synthesis

Question 5

vit A (aka__)

Answer 5

retinol

night blindness, xerophthalmia, vulnerability to infection (esp measles)

Question 6

vit B2 (aka\_\_)
what is the primary function of this vitamin?

Answer 6

riboflavin

cheilosis
stomatitis
glossitis
anemia
seborrheic dermatitis

mitochondrial e- carrier = FMN, FAD

Question 7

vit B1 (aka\_\_)
what is the primary function of this vitamin?

Answer 7

thiamine

infantile beriberi
-2-3 months: fulminant cardiac syndrome w cardiomegaly, tachycardia, cyanosis, dyspnea, and vomiting

adult beriberi

• dry beriberi= symmetrical peripheral neuropathy of distal extremities–> sensory and motor impairments
• wet beriberi= dry + cardiac (cardiomyopathy, high output CHF, peripheral edema, tachy)

wernicke-korsakoff syndrome
-confusion, ataxia, oculomotor abn, permanent memory deficits

PF= carbohydrate metabolism (decarboxylate alpha-keto acids)

Question 8

vitamin A TOXICITY

Answer 8

ACUTE:(one big dose) nausea, vomiting, vertigo, blurred vision

CHRONIC:(long term ingestion of large doses) alopecia, dry skin, hyperlipidemia, hepatotoxicity, hepatosplenomegaly, visual difficulties
-may have pseudo tumor cerebri= papilledema in the setting of benign intracranial HTN

TERATOGENIC: microcephaly, cardiac anomaly, fetal death (esp in first trimester of pregnancy)

Question 9

vitamin E TOXICITY

Answer 9

high mortality rates due to hemorrhagic stroke in adults

higher rates of necrotizing enterocolitis in infants

Question 10

vitamin C OVERUSE

Answer 10

false - stool guaiac results

associated w diarrhea, abd bloating

Question 11

vit E deficiency

Answer 11

NMSK ds + hemolytic anemia

-skeletal myopathy, spinocerebellar ataxia, polyneuropathy