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Micronutrients > Vitamin Deficiencies and Symptoms > Flashcards

Vitamin Deficiencies and Symptoms Flashcards

1
Q

Beri - Beri

A

Thiamin deficiency

can be wet (effects cardiovascular)
- causes increase heart rate and blood pressure

Can be dry (effects nerves and muscles)

  • fatigue
  • muscle weakness
  • muscle paralysis
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2
Q

Wernickle-Karasakoff syndrome

A

Chronic thiamin deficiency

  • imparted mental functions
  • weakness/paralysis
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3
Q

Dietary sources of Thiamin

A

Pork

Enriched Grains

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4
Q

Ariboflavinosis

A

Riboflavin deficency

  • vacularization of cornea
  • stomatitis (oral cavities inflammation)
  • cheilosis (cracks in corner of mouth)
  • glossitis (tongue inflammation)
  • seborrheic dermatitis
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5
Q

Dietary sources of Riboflavin

A

Milk/ dairy products

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6
Q

Pellagra

A

Niacin deficiency

  • 4 D’s
  • diarrhea
  • dementia
  • dermatitis
  • death
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7
Q

Dietary sources of Niacin

A

Enriched grains

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8
Q

Niacin flush

A

Niacin toxicity

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9
Q

Vitamin B6 functions/deficiency symptoms

A

Amino Acid transformations

Deficiency symptoms are

  • Lesions of skin and mucosa
  • Neuronal dysfunction
  • Sideroblastic anemia
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10
Q

Sideroblastic anemia

A

Caused by B6 deficiency

Bone marrow produces sideroblasts instead of RBCs

Causes RBCs to build up with iron

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11
Q

Vitamin B6 toxicity symptoms

A

Causes nerve destruction

  • muscle function loss
  • numbness
  • paralysis
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12
Q

Dietary source of Vitamin B6

A

Protein-rich foods

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13
Q

Vitamin B12 and Folic acid functions/deficiency symptoms

A

Vit B12: Myelin sheath generation
Folic Acid: Transfer methyl groups
deficiencies in vitamin B 12 & Folic acid cause

Megaloblastic anemia
(Causes bone marrow to produce large abnormal red blood cells that cant circulate well).

  • shortness of breath
  • muscle weakness
  • paleness/loss of appetite
  • nausea/ diarrhea
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14
Q

Dietary source of folic acid

A

Green leafy vegetables & enriched grains

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15
Q

Dietary source of B12

A

Animal foods

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16
Q

Pantothenic acid functions/deficency symptoms

A

Aids in fatty acid synthesis and produced of CoA

Deficiencies cause burning feet syndrome

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17
Q

Dietary source of Pantothenic acid

A

Widely available

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18
Q

Biotin Functions/ deficency symptoms

A

Co-factor for carboxylating enzymes (makes them Function)

Deficiency symptoms include

  • Seborrheic dermatitis
  • Anorexia
  • Nausea
  • Muscular pain
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19
Q

Dietary sources of Biotin

A

Egg yolks, liver and GI bacteria

raw egg whites contain avidin which is an antagonist to Biotin absorption

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20
Q

Vitamin C functions/deficiency symptoms

A

Collagen synthesis and antioxidant

Deficiencies cause scurvy

  • Abnormal bone development (infants only)
  • Easy brushing/bleeding
  • Poor gums and teeth
  • Osteoporosis
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21
Q

Vitamin C toxicity symptoms

A

GI distress and dental erosion

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22
Q

Dietary sources of Vitamin C

A

Fresh fruits and vegetables

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23
Q

Vitamin A functions/deficiency symptoms

A

Night vision, supports immune system and is an anti-oxidant

Deficiencies cause

  • Night-blindness
  • Xerophthalmia ( abnormal dryness of eyes / keratinization of cornea)
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24
Q

Dietary sources of Vitamin A

A

Liver, milk

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25
Q

Vitamin A Toxicity

A

GI distress, headaches, liver damage

26
Q

Vitamin D functions/deficiency symptoms

A

Regulates blood calcium levels

Vitamin D deficiency causes

  • ricketts/ osteomalacia
  • weak bones/ increased fractures
27
Q

Dietary source of Vitamin D

A

Milk, sunlight

28
Q

Vitamin D toxicity symptoms

A
  • calcification of parts of the body
29
Q

Hemolytic anemia in newborns

A

Causes by Vitamin E deficiency (not an issue in adults)

30
Q

Dietary source of vitamin E

A

Plant oils

31
Q

Vitamin K functions/deficiency symptoms

A

Aid in blood coagulation by carboxylating coagulative enzymes

  • deficiency causes prolonged PT times in patients and easy bruising
32
Q

Newborns/infants are at risk for what vitamin deficiencies/toxicities?

A

Vitamins E

Iron

Small bodies cause an increase chance of over consumption/absorption of minerals and nutrients (VERY likely as a fetus).

33
Q

Elderly are at risk for what deficiencies/toxicities and why?

A

Vitamin D

Zinc

Usually caused by decline in GI function, poor oral health or chronic illnesses, and food-drug interactions

34
Q

Alcoholics are at risk for what deficiencies/toxicities and why?

A

Most at risk population since alcoholism makes absorption of nutrients and minerals less effective as well as the metabolism of absorbed.

  • Thiamin
  • Riboflavin
  • Niacin
  • Vitamin B6, B12, C, A
  • Biotin
  • Pantothenic Acid
  • Magnesium
35
Q

Calcium function and deficiency symptoms

A

Function is muscle cell contractions

Deficiencies lead to

  • osteopenia
  • muscle cramping
36
Q

Iron functions and deficiency symptoms

A

Function is to act as oxygen carrier in hemoglobin and electron receptor in ETC

Deficiencies lead to

  • hypochromic and microcytic anemia (pale small RBCs)
  • apathy
  • lethargy
  • fatigue
37
Q

Dietary sources of calcium

A

Dairy, tofu, oranges

38
Q

Dietary source of iron

A

Red meat, dark leafy vegetables

39
Q

Calcium toxicity symptoms

A

Calcification of soft tissues

40
Q

Iron toxicity symptoms

A

Gastric distress

Death in children

41
Q

Magnesium functions and deficiency symptoms

A

Functions as ATPase cofactor

Deficiency symptoms are

  • tetanus
  • muscle weakness
  • disturbed heart rhythm
42
Q

Dietary sources of magnesium

A

Whole grain, nuts, chocolate

43
Q

Magnesium toxicity symptoms

A

Cardiac arrest (unlikely to happen through diet though)

44
Q

Potassium function and deficiency symptoms

A

Functions to maintain cell membrane potential

Deficiency symptoms are

  • muscle weakness
  • anorexia
45
Q

Dietary sources of potassium

A

Fruits,vegetables, legumes

46
Q

Potassium toxicity symptoms

A

Cardiac arrest (unlikely though nutrition with proper fluid intake)

47
Q

Zinc function and deficiency symptoms

A

Function is to act as a metalloenzyme co factor

Deficiency symptoms are

  • stumped growth
  • poor wound healing
  • alopecia
  • scaly rash
  • stunted sexual development in adolescents
48
Q

Zinc dietary sources

A

Protein-rich foods

49
Q

Zinc toxicity symptoms

A

Impaired immunity & copper absorption (high in plasma)

50
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

Vitamins A,D,E,K

  • more likely to experience toxicity since they are not readily soluble*
51
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin C & B complex vitamins

less toxic except B6 & Niacin in high doses

52
Q

B complex vitamins include?

A

Thiamin

Riboflavin

B6 & B12

Folic acid

Niacin

Pantothenic acid

Biotin

53
Q

What vitamin deficiency is the leading cause of blindness?

A

Vitamin A

54
Q

Top 3 most common vitamin deficiencies in the world

A

Vitamin A, Iron & Iodide

55
Q

Iodine Functions and deficency symptoms

A

Function is to aid in synthesis of thyroid hormones

Deficiency symptoms include

  • goiter development
  • constipation
  • sensitivity to cold
  • brain fog
56
Q

Bioavalibility definition

A

Percent of mineral that enters the body and is actually metabolized

57
Q

Major differences between water soluble and fat soluble vitamins

A

Secretion time: water-soluble is readily available

Appearance of deficiency symptoms: water-soluble is quicker

Storage: fat-soluble can be stored

58
Q

Vitamins that can be synthesized by humans

A

Vitamin D

Vitamin K

Niacin

59
Q

Polar bear liver contains toxic levels of what?

A

Vitamin A

60
Q

Food byproducts that bind minerals

A

Oxalates and Phytates

Micronutrients (2 decks)

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