Vitamin B1

Question 1

Vitamin B1

Answer 1

Thiamin

Question 2

Christian Eijkman

Answer 2

Dutch Physician in Indonesia, starts studying an endemic disease called beriberi

Question 3

Gerrit Grijns

Answer 3

Makes association between beriberi and excessive consumption of polished rice.

Question 4

Casimir Funk

Answer 4

Isolates a vital substance called anti-beriberi factor; COINS TERM vitamin (vital amine)

Question 5

Robert Williams

Answer 5

synthesizes the vitamin and names it thiamin (sulfur-containing vitamine)

Question 6

Food sources

Answer 6

Brown rice, pork, cured ham

Question 7

Apical membrane

Answer 7

Thiamine transporter-2

Question 8

Basal lateral membrane

Answer 8

Thiamine transporter-1

Question 9

Required for uptake

Answer 9

THTR 2

Question 10

Circulating form

Answer 10

Thiamine diphosphate (TDP)

Question 11

What is added in the liver?

Answer 11

2 phosphate groups

Question 12

90% of thiamin in blood is?

Answer 12

in the erythrocytes

Question 13

Thiamin is bound to…

Answer 13

albumin

Question 14

What is thiamin taken up by in peripheral tissues?

Answer 14

THTR-1

Question 15

What is thiamin taken up by in skeletal muscle, heart, brain, liver and kidney?

Answer 15

THTR-2

Question 16

Body Storage

Answer 16

25-30 mg

Question 17

Thiamine Excretion

Answer 17

Urine– mainly as free thiamin and TMP

Question 18

Thiamin function

Answer 18

coenzyme in oxidative decarboxylations & transketolase

Question 19

Oxidative decarboxylations

Answer 19

Pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, & Branch-chain alpha keto acid dehydrogenase

Question 20

Transketolase

Answer 20

Enzyme in RBC.

Question 21

Activity of transketolase

Answer 21

Depends on RBC

Question 22

Testing for deficiency

Answer 22

Transketolase

Question 23

Thiamin Deficiency

Answer 23

Relatively Rare. Alcoholics.

Question 24

Symptoms of deficiency

Answer 24

Difficulty walking,loss of feeling in hands and feet, confusion & altered heart rate.

Question 25

Beriberi

Answer 25

Clinical/ historical term for thiamin deficiency.

Question 26

Two forms of Beriberi

Answer 26

Wet & dry beriberi

Question 27

Wet Beriberi

Answer 27

Cardiomyopathy and edema

Question 28

Dry Beriberi

Answer 28

Peripheral neuropathy

Question 29

1929 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

Answer 29

“For his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin” and Sir Frederick Hopkins “for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins”

— Christiaan Eijkman & Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins

Question 30

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

Answer 30

Brain disorder due to thiamin deficiency. Thiamin-deficient disease seen more often in the Western Hemisphere. Characterized by the clinical triad of confusion, the inability to coordinate voluntary movement (ataxia) and eye (ocular) abnormalities.

Question 31

Alcohol and thiamin deficiency

Answer 31

Low thiamin intake due to food displacement. Impaired absorption from small intestine. Impaired cellular uptake and utilization.

Question 32

EAR/ RDA

Answer 32

~1 mg

Question 33

Toxicity

Answer 33

Relatively non-toxic, even at large oral doses.

IV or IM thiamin associated with convulsions, weakness, paralysis, cardiac arrhythmia.