Vitamin and Nutritional Deficiencies Flashcards
1
Q
Pedi deficiencies (3)
A
- Iron (check at 1, 3, q yr female teen. s/s: suscept to inf, dec exercise capacity, thrombosis, imp psychomotor/mental development, anemia. wu: Hb/CBC, ferritin, Hb electrophoresis, B12, folate, FOBT, celiac & IBD wu. tx: supp for preterm inf til 1 yr, iron-fortified formula, NO COW MILK til 1 yr. chk CBC q 4 wk during supp)
- Vit D (RF: premature, high alt, breast fed. s/s: rickets/osteomalacia. wu: vit D 25-OH. tx: 400-600 IU qd, chk levels)
- Ca (s/s: rickets/osteomalacia, suscept to fx. DEXA. tx: whole milk age 1-2, dec soda, spinach Ca NOT well absorbed, try white beans, broccoli, fortified OJ, salmon, sweet potatoes)
2
Q
Copper def
A
- s/p GI surg, gastric bypass, too much Zn ingestion
- s/s: anemia, ataxia, myeloneuropathy, fragile hair, skin depigmentation, edema, osteoporosis, hepatosplenomegaly
3
Q
iodine def
A
- s/s: goiter, hypothyroid (dec growth, devel, cog fxn)
4
Q
selenium def
A
- chinese diet, TPN w/o supp
- s/s: cardiomyopathy, skeletal muscle dysfxn
5
Q
Zinc def
A
- low protein intake, from devel country
- s/s: growth retardation, hypogonadism, oligospermia, alopecia, impaired tast, immune dysfxn, night blind, impaired wound healing, skin lesions
6
Q
Chromium def
A
- hosp pts w/ inc metabolic demands (DM), short bowel synd, burns/trauma, TPN w/o supp
- s/s: impaired glucose tolerance
7
Q
Magnesium def
A
- ICU pts
- insulin resistance, constipation, migraines, RLS, cramping, HTN, fibromyalgia, weakness, Trosseau (latent tetany s/p BP cuff x 3 min) and Chvostek (facial nerve tap/twitch) signs
8
Q
Vit B12 def
A
- vegetarians
- s/s: lethargy, unwanted wt loss, mental status changes, anxiety/depression
9
Q
Vit D
A
- elderly, homebound, limited sun, obese, celiac or IBD, CKD, gastric bypass, CF, anticonvulsants
- s/s: osteoporosis, nonspecific MSK pain, rickets, alopecia
