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Nutrition > Vitamin ADEK > Flashcards

Vitamin ADEK Flashcards

0
Q

Abnormal dryness of cornea and membranes of the eye?

A

Xerophthalmia

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1
Q

Vitamin A is called?

A

Retinol

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2
Q

Precursor of vitamin A?

A

Carotene

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3
Q

Vitamin A includes? (3)

A

Retinol (alcohol)
Retinal (aldehyde)
Retinoic acid

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4
Q

Source of vitamin A that is found in animal foods?

A

Preformed vitamin A

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5
Q

Carotene is also called?

A

Provitamin A

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6
Q

Two forms of vitamin A found in animal foods?

A

Vitamin A1

Vitamin A2

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7
Q

Vitamin A that is found chiefly in the liver and body fat of fish?

A

Vitamin A1

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8
Q

Vitamin A which is of little importance found in fresh water fish?

A

Vitamin A2

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9
Q

What are the 3 provitamin A carotene?

A

Alpha carotene
Beta carotene
Gamma carotene

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10
Q

Yellow pigment found in corn?

A

Cryptoxanthin

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11
Q

Most important provitamin A carotene?

A

B-carotene

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12
Q

True or false. The deeper the yellow or green of fruits & vegies, the more carotene?

A

True

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13
Q

Chronic disease marked by sore mouth, raw looking tongue and periodic diarrhea?

A

Sprue

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14
Q

Stores reserves of vitamin A?

A

Liver

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15
Q

Functions of vitamin A? (5)

A 
Formation of visual purple
Maintenance of epithelial cells and tissues
Promotion of bone remodeling
Activation of cell membrane
Promotion of health of oral structures
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16
Q

Visual purple pigment?

A

Rhodopsin

Opsin + retinal

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17
Q

First line of defense against invading microorganisms?

A

Epithelial cells

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18
Q

Responsible for production of glycoprotein from which mucus is made?

A

Vitamin A

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19
Q

Condition when keratin debris accumulates in the eye?

A

Bitot’s spots

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20
Q

Softening of the cornea?

A

Keratomalacia

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21
Q

Vitamin that was once termed anti-infective vitamin?

A

Vitamin A

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22
Q

Characterized by rough sandpaper like skin and numerous papules or excessive keratin on hair?

A

Follicular hyperkeratosis

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23
Q

A reversible change in which one cell type is replaced by another?

A

Metaplasia

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24
Q

Thickened white patches on mucous membranes?

A

Leukoplakia

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25
Q

RDA of vitamin A for adult man? In women?

A

5000 IU

4000 IU

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26
Q

Food source of preformed vitamin A?

A

Liver
Butter
Egg yolk

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27
Q

Provitamin food sources?

A 
Carrots
Sweet potatoes
Squash
Broccoli
Cabbage
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28
Q

Toxicity of vitamin?

A

Hypervitaminosis

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29
Q

Causes yellow-orange discoloration of the skin and oral mucosa?

A

Hypercarotenemia

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30
Q

Three types of vitamin D?

A

D1, D2, D3 (2 and 3 are of importance)

31
Q

Vitamin that is stable to cooking and processing but sensitive to light?

A

Vitamin D

32
Q

Another term for vitamin D2?

A

Ergocalciferol

33
Q

Another term for vitamin D3?

A

Cholecalciferol

34
Q

Vitamin D that is present in fungi and yeasts?

A

Vitamin D2

35
Q

Naturally occurring vitamin D produced in the skin?

A

Vitamin D3

36
Q

True or false. Milk is a good source of vitamin D

A

False. Unless fortified

37
Q

Particles of emulsified fat found in the blood?

A

Chylomicrons

38
Q

Most active form of vitamin D?

A

Calcitrol

39
Q

Vitamin that functions both as a vitamin and as a hormone?

A

Vitamin D

40
Q

Function of vitamin D?

A

Promotes Ca and P absorption

Promotes calcification and repair of bone

41
Q

RDA of vitamin D?

A

400 UI

42
Q

Major nonfood source of vitamin D?

A

Sunlight

43
Q

Major food sources of vitamin D?

A

Fish liver oil

Fortified milk

44
Q

Softening of bone of young individuals caused by vitamin D deficiency?

A

Rickets

45
Q

Beading of ribs?

A

Ricket’s rosary

46
Q

Condition wherein there is protrusion of the sternum and depression of the sides of the rib cage?

A

Pigeon breast

47
Q

When diaphragm causes sharp depression, it’s called?

A

Harrison’s groove

48
Q

Symptom of rickets observed when walking?

A

Knock knees

Bow legs

49
Q

Softening of bones in adults?

A

Osteomalacia

50
Q

True or false. Osteomalacia is most often seen in men?

A

False. Most often seen in women

51
Q

Excessive excitability of nerves and muscles characterized by muscle spasm?

A

Tetany

52
Q

Incomplete development of enamel and dentin is termed?

A

Enamel hypoplasia

53
Q

Most misused abused and controversial vitamin?

A

Vitamin E

54
Q

Another term for vitamin E?

A

Tocopherol

55
Q

Called as “fertility vitamin”?

A

Vitamin E

56
Q

Most biologically active form of vitamin E?

A

Alpha-tocopherol

57
Q

Vitamin E is stored where?

A

Adipose tissue
Muscle
Liver

58
Q

Functions of vitamin E?

A

As antioxidant

To make cell membranes more stable

59
Q

Excessive loss of fat in the feces?

A

Steatorrhea

60
Q

Give one source of vitamin E?

A

Wheat germ oil

61
Q

Common signs and symptoms of vitamin E toxicity?

A 
Headache
Fatigue
Weakness
Flatulence
Diarrhea
62
Q

Major role of vitamin K?

A

For blood clotting

63
Q

Two forms of vitamin K?

A

K1 and K2

64
Q

Vitamin K which occurs in green plants?

A

Vitamin K1

65
Q

Vitamin k produced by bacterial synthesis in the intestine?

A

Vitamin K2

66
Q

Synthetic form of vitamin K?

A

Vitamin K3 or Menadione

67
Q

Function of vitamin K?

A

Catalyzes the synthesis of prothrombin

Production of clotting factors

68
Q

Basis of clot?

A

Fibrin

69
Q

How much time will Normal blood clot when shed?

A

5-8 minutes at 37C

70
Q

Components of fibrin clot? (2)

A

Thrombin and fibrinogen

71
Q

Presence of these prevents blood clotting?

A

Coumarins (warfarin, dicumarol)

Salicylates (aspirin)

72
Q

A widely used clinical anticoagulant which counteract the effect of vitamin K?

A

Dicumarol

73
Q

An organism closely associated with periodontal disease?

A

Bacteroides melaninogenicus

74
Q

Prothrombin deficiency?

A

Hypoprothrombinemea

75
Q

RDA of vitamin K for adults?

A

70-140 ug

76
Q

Food sources of vitamin K?

A

Lettuce
Spinach
Cauliflower
Cabbage

Nutrition (2 decks)

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