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PCM test 1 > Vitals and Heart/Lung Examination > Flashcards

Vitals and Heart/Lung Examination Flashcards

1
Q

average temp

A

98.6 or 37

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2
Q

radial pulse

A

60-100 bpm

  • less than 60=bradycardia
  • greater than 100= tachycardia
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3
Q

respirations

A

normal = 14-20

  • tachypnea = fast breathing
  • bradypnea = slow breathing
  • apnea = no breathing
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4
Q

cheyne-stokes breathing

A

decreased rates and periods of apnea

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5
Q

kussmaul’s respirations

A

hyperventalition from metabolic acidosis

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6
Q

blood pressure normal

A

120/80

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7
Q

pre-hypertension

A

120-139/ 80-89

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8
Q

stage 1 hypertension

A

140-159/90-99

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9
Q

stage 2 hypertension

A

> 160 / >100

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10
Q

orthostatic BP

A
  • if the systolic BP drops 20 or more, or the diastolic pressure drops 10 or more upon standing
  • heart rate increases 15 beats per minute or more
  • this can be due to volume depletion… normally the BP and heart rate will rise slightly as a nartural response to a change in position from supine to sitting to standing
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11
Q

bell vs diaphragm

A 
bell = low frequency
diaphragm = high frequency
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12
Q

systolic vs diastolic

A

systolic = when first hear sounds, diastolic when sounds disappear

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13
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing up blood from lungs

- most ocmmonly caused by infections

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13
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing up blood from lungs

- most ocmmonly caused by infections

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14
Q

dyspnea

A

shortness of breath

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14
Q

dyspnea

A

shortness of breath

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15
Q

orthopnea

A

difficulty breathing when lying flat

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15
Q

orthopnea

A

difficulty breathing when lying flat

16
Q

wheezing

A

high pitched sound due to partially obstructed airway

16
Q

wheezing

A

high pitched sound due to partially obstructed airway

17
Q

pleuritic pain

A

chest wall pain associated with breathing

17
Q

pleuritic pain

A

chest wall pain associated with breathing

18
Q

respiratory examination

A
  • inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation
18
Q

respiratory examination

A
  • inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation
19
Q

dull, resonant, tympanic, flat

A
  • dull = percussion over solid organ (liver)
  • resonant = structure containing air (lung)
  • tympanic = percussion over hollow/air structure (stomach)
  • flat = percussion over large muscle mass
20
Q

tracheal sound

A

very loud, high pitched, harsh, heard over trachea and neck

21
Q

bronchial

A

loud, high pitched - tubular sounding, heard over maubrium

22
Q

bronchovesicular

A

moderate loud, moderate pitch, tubular rustling sound, heard over mainstem bronchi

23
Q

vesicular

A
  • soft, low pitch, gentle rustling, heard over most of the lungs
24
Q

rales/crackles

A

result of opening and closing of alveoli - i.e. pulmonary edema where aleveoli are filled with fluid

25
Q

5 auscultation points

A
  • Aortic: right sternal 2nd ICS- RSB
  • Pulmonic: left 2nd ICS - LSB
  • Erb’s point (location of S2 heard); left 3rd ICS - LSB
  • Tricuspid: left 4th ICS - LSB
  • Mitral (PMI): left 5th ICS - MCL
26
Q

rhonchi

A

low pitched sound arising from turbulent airflow and vibrations of the walls of larger airways being partially abstructed - i.e. bronchitis

27
Q

SA node

A

= pacemaker - makes AP wave that stimulates the AV node (Bundle of His). AV node spreads electrical impulse through the rest of the heart

28
Q

P wave, QRS complex, T wave

A

P = atrial contraction, QRS= ventricular contraction, Twave = ventricular repolarization

29
Q

PMI

A

The PMI – Point of Maximal Impulse or
Apical Impulse

Location: -fifth intercostal space (5ICS)
-mid-clavicular line (MCL)

30
Q

Thrills and heaves

A

Thrill – a palpable vibration felt over the precordium.

Heave – a palpable impulse or displacement of the sternum and/or precordium.

31
Q

5 auscultation points

A
  • Aortic: right sternal 2nd ICS- RSB
  • Pulmonic: left 2nd ICS - LSB
  • Erb’s point (location of S2 heard); left 3rd ICS - LSB
  • Tricuspid: left 4th ICS - LSB
  • Mitral (PMI): left 5th ICS - MCL
32
Q

S1

A

s1–>S2 = systole “lub”

- closure of tricuspid and mitral valves

33
Q

S2

A

dub

- closure of aortic and pulmonic valves

34
Q

abdomen examination

A

inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation

RLQ = best place to listen - secum: small bowel goes to large bowel

35
Q

borborygmi

A

increased bowel sounds, low pitched rumbling

36
Q

abdominal bruits

A

soft sound made by disrupted arterial flow through narrowed artery

37
Q

tympany

A
  • most common abdominal percussion notes - due to presence of gas in stomach and small bowel
38
Q

percussion of liver

A
  • right mid-clavicular line: should hear resonant (lungs) to dull (liver) to tympanic (intestine)
  • liver is on RUQ (spleen is LUQ)

PCM test 1 (5 decks)

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