Vitals Flashcards
Hypotension, pallor, sweating, nausea, and dizziness that occur in pregnant woman (usually >20 wks) when she lies supine; Sx improve upon sitting, standing up, or lying on the left lateral decubitus position; IVC compression - dec VR - dec PL - dec CO = hypotension
Supine Hypotension syndrome (aortocaval compression syndrome)
Insufficient peripheral vasoconstriction in response to orthostatic stress; increase risk with prolonged recumbency; Etiology: hypovolemia, elderly, autonomic neuropathy, medications
orthostatic hypotension
Increase SANS, increase SA node depolarizations between 100 - 160 with regular rhythm; Causes: exercise, anxiety, hyperthyroidism, anemia, fever, pregnancy, B-adrenergic meds, and deconditoning
sinus tachycardia
Rate is slow due to vaginal stimulation or diseased SA pacemaker cells; Causes: expected in well conditioned athletes, sever hypothyroidism, sick sinus syndrome
sinus bradycardia
AV blocks with grouped beats
regular irregular
Atrial fibrillation
irregular irregular
Rate accelerates during inspiration and decelerates during expiration
respiratory sinus arrhythmia
Increased respiratory rate; Seen in exertion, fear, fever, cardiac insufficiency, pain, pulmonary embolism, acute respiratory distress from infections, pleurisy, anemia, hyperthyroidism
tachypnea
Decreased respiratory rate; seen in use of CNS depression, uremia, increase ICP
bradypnea
Shallow breathing; caused from decreased medullary respiratory center drive, weakness if respiratory muscles, airway obstruction, restrictive dz/ decrease effective lung volume
hypopnea
Increased depth of breathing
hyperpnea
Increased rate or depth or combo of both
hyperventilation
Increased rate and death over a prolonged period of time; seen in hypoxia, salicylates, metabolic acidosis, sever anemia
kussmauls breathing
Gradual increase in volume and frequency, followed by a gradual decrease in volume and frequency, with apnea, periods of 10 - 30 sec. between cycles; crescendo - decrescendo pattern; cyclic waxing and waning ventilation with apnea; seen in disorders of cerebral circulation, incr ICP, brain injury, HF, high altitude, opiates, barbs, alcohol
cheyne stokes breathing
Short episodes of rapid, deep inspirations (equal depth) followed by 10 - 30 sec apnea period; seen in increase ICP (meningitis)
biots breathing
Prolonged expiratory phase; seen in COPD, bronchial asthma
obstructive breathing
Normal breathing that is interrupted by pain caused by movements of the chest; seen pleurisy, injured/inflamed muscles, fractured ribs or cartilage or subphrenic inflammation
pleuritic breathing (painful)
Normal respiratory rhythm at rest that is occasionally interrupted by long, deep sigh; in anxious px
sighing respiration
Core temp > 40 (>104); significant mental status changes; seen in CNS injury, heat stroke, anticholinergic poisoning, serotonin syn, endocrine, NMS, malignant hyperhtemia, sympathomimetic poisoning/OD
hyperthermia
Older, poor, sedentary, immobile; skin - anhidrosis; CNS dysfunction, oliguria, coagulopathy; lab - normal K and normal glucose, Ca
classic heat stroke
younger, exercising, more active; skin - diaphoresis; myocardial/hepatic injury, acute renal failure, DIC, rhabdomyolysis; lab - marked lactic acidosis, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia
extertional heat stroke
Core temp > 40; no coma or seizures; water depletion or sodium depletion
heat exhaustion
sx: hyperthermia, dry mouth, mydriasis, flushing, altered mental status, urinary retention
anticholinergic poisoning
Disturbances in thermoregulation; recreational drug user; hyperthermia, mental status change, evidence of adrenergic stimuli
sympathomimetic poisoning
Overstimulation 5HT1A; hyperthermia, confusion, tremor, hyperrflexia, clonus, evolves rapidly
serotonin syndrome
Caused by antipsychotic drugs; hyperthermia, rigidity, bradykinesia over several days, altered mental status, myoglobinuria and acute renal failure, No clonus
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Genetic disorder - causes: inhalation and general anesthetics; hyperthermia, fever, muscle rigidity post surgery under GA, tachycardia, HTN, hyperkalemia, mmyoglobinemia
malignant hyperthermia
Mild - vigorous shivering & tachycardia; moderate - no shivering, bradycardia, Osborn waves (J waves), pupils dilated; severe - comatose, cardiovascular collapse, pupils fixed
hypothermia
