Vitals Flashcards
Normal body temperature (orally)
98.6F
non-emergent Pyrexia (fever) temperature
> 100.4F
-mostly will resolve on its own
-Becomes emergent if it lasts for more than 3 days (need to contact physician)
Emergent pyrexia (fever) and need to contact physician
> or equal to 103F or if fever of >100.4F lasts for more than 3 days
Hyperpyrexia
> 106.7
-damage to the brain possible
-rare for untreated fevers to exceed 104
ex. heat exhaustion, heat stroke, severe infections, CNS lesions, TBI
Hypothermia
Temperature <95F
-decreased HR and RR
-Cold and pale skin
-Cyanosis
-Decreased cutaneous sensation
-Drowsiness
-Altered cognitive muscular responses
-Can lead to coma and death
When is temperature lowest?
4-6 AM
When is temperature highest?
4-8 PM
What demographic has higher temperature
young children and infants
What demographic has lower temperature
older adults
when exercising, core temperature rises ___ to ___ degrees
2-3 degrees
Pulse rate
-frequency of arterial pressure wave
-Wave of blood pushed through the vessels
-Measurement: palpation “waves”
-Peripheral pulse
Heart rate
-Frequency of ventricular beats
-Measure: auscultation or counting “beats”
-Apical pulse
Normal pulse rate
60-100 BPM
bradycardia (pulse rate)
<60 BPM
-seen in athletes
Tachycardia (pulse rate)
> 100 BPM
-children have higher pulse rate
0= what pulse grade
no palpable pulse
1+= what pulse grade
faint but detectable pulse
2+= what pulse grade
normal
3+=what pulse grade
increased or full pulse rate
4+= what pulse grade
bounding pulse
How does the pulse rate change with exercise?
-Gradually increases about 10bpm per change in workload
-measured in METS
what is METS and what does it measure
-unit of measurement that estimates oxygen consumed and energy expended
-used for pulse rate
-light act: <3 METS
-moderate activity: 3-6 METS
-Vigorous: >6 METS
Normal Respiration rate
12-20 breaths per minute
-infants->12 yr olds=higher RR
-12->adult=normal RR
Eupnea
-Normal respirations with equal rate and depth
-12-20 breaths/min
Bradypnea
-slow Respirations
-<10 breaths/min
Tachypnea
-Fast respirations
->24 breaths/min (usually shallow)
Dyspnea
shortness of breath/difficult or labored breathing
-often abbreviated as DOE
When exercising what does the respiratory rate look like
40-60 breaths/min
pulse oximetry (SpO2)
-periphreal measure of arterial blood oxygen saturation
-normal (at sea level): 96-100%
-respiratory disease has levels lower
Blood pressure definition
-force of blood exerted against a vessel wall measured in mmHg
-Cardiac output (blood flow) x peripheral resistance (impediment to blood flow in a vessel/resistance)
systolic meaning
-force on arteries during ventricular contraction
-Rises in proportion to workload
Diastolic meaning
-Force on arteries during ventricular relaxation
-Little change with increased workload
Normal BP
systolic: less than 120
AND
Diastolic: less than 80
Elevated BP
systolic: 120-129
AND
Diastolic: less than 80
High BP (hypertension) stage 1
Systolic: 130-139
OR
Diastolic:80-89
High BP (hypertension) stage 2
Systolic: 140 or higher
OR
Diastolic: 90 or higher
Hypertensive crisis BP
(consult doctor immediately)
Systolic: higher than 180
AND/OR
Diastolic: higher than 120
Korotkoff’s sounds (phases)
Phase 1: systolic pressure
Phase 2: swishing as artery widens with blood
Phase 3: Sounds loud/crisp, unobstructed flow
Phase 4: Sounds distant,muffled
Phase 5: last sound=diastolic pressure
Auscultatory gap
-meaning and significance
-Period of silence after any of the Korotkoff sounds
-Result of a cardiac or vascular disease
Proper position for taking BP
-Seated & resting
-Empty bladder
-Legs uncrosssed
-Supported feat
-Back supported
-Brachial artery at level of heart/R atrium (level of sternum)
-Supported arm
-Cuff NOT over clothing
-Patient=no talking
-When taking BP what should the initial inflation be to in mmHg?
-Release how many mmHg per second?
-Initial: 180-200 mmHg
-Slowly release about 2-3 mmHg per second (don’t leave cuff inflated for greater than 10 seconds)
What blood pressure would you need to contact a PCP and monitor closely, but you could continue with care?
140/90 (hypertension stage 2)
What blood pressure would cause you to hold resistance exercise and consider aerobic exercise; still would need to contact PCP and monitor closely
160/100
What blood pressure would you need to hold your exam, contact PCP, examine for organ damage, and also consider contacting EMS
> 180/120
Hypotension
systolic: <90 mmHg
OR
diastolic: <60 mmHg
-generally only concerning if present with signs and symptoms or in patients with preexisting medical (heart disease)
signs and symptoms: dizziness, fainting, cold and sweaty skin, fatigue, blurred vision, or nausea
Aerobic exercise changes the BP how?
systolic: 10mmHg (1 met)
Diastolic: increase (<10 mmHg), none or slight decrease
-shunts blood flow to exercising tissue and spinal cord
Resistance training changes the BP how?
-Elicits a more pronounced BP response
-Diastolic should not increase more than 20mmHg
