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INTRO TO HC-HAWAN > vital signs :p > Flashcards

vital signs :p Flashcards

1
Q

refers to the patient’s blood pressure, temperature, respiration, and pulse

A

vital signs

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2
Q

when to take vital signs?

A
  • upon admission and before discharge
  • before, during, and after an invasive procedure
  • before and after intervention or treatment
  • before and after medication
  • whenever the patient’s condition changes (level of consciousness)
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3
Q

part of the brain that is responsible for the regulation of heat in the body

A

hypothalamus

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4
Q

What does the core temperature indicate?
- 37C
- 38C
- 39C
- 42C

A
  • 37C: normal
  • 38C: oh no! sick!
  • 39C: BEEDOOBEEDOO CALL THE AMBULANCE
  • 42C: ur dead! that temp was so bad bruh
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5
Q

what are the 3 possible sites to take core temperature

A

rectum, tympanic membrane, oral cavity

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6
Q

where are the possible sites to take surface temperature

A

skin and axillae

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7
Q

what does the anterior hypothalamus do for temperature

A

controls heat loss
Nerve sensors send out signals that initiate sweating, peripheral vasodilation, and inhibition of heat production

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8
Q

what does the posterior hypothalamus do for temperature

A

controls heat production
Nerve sensors send out signals that initiate shivering, vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels), and release of epinephrine

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9
Q

factors that promote heat production

A

basal metabolic rate, muscle activity, thyroxine production

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10
Q

factors that promote heat loss

A

conduction, radiation, convection, vaporization

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11
Q

factors that affect temperature

A

age, diurnal variations, environment, exercise, hormones, stress,

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12
Q

5 routes in taking temperature

A
  • oral
  • rectal
  • axillary
  • tympanic
  • temporal

(mnemonic: old rabbits always take tea)

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13
Q

what is hypothermia

A

body temp is less than 36 C

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14
Q

what is severe hypothermia

A

body temp is less than 28

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15
Q

Shivering initially
Decreased, irregular pulse
Decreased respirations
Hypotension
Pale, cool skin
Oliguria - (Urine output, less than 30ml)
Reduced muscle coordination
Disorientation
Decreased level of consciousness
WOF: Coma

what do these signs indicate?

A

severe hypothermia

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16
Q

when temp is more than 40.5 C

A

hyperthermia

17
Q

what is febrile

A

temperature is 37.8 orally, or 38.3 rectally
- fever

18
Q

wave of blood created by contraction of the left ventricles of the heart. Regulated by the autonomic nervous system.

A

pulse

19
Q

factors affecting pulse rate

A
  1. age
  2. Sex
  3. Exercise
  4. Fever
  5. Medications
  6. Stress and hormones
  7. Blood volume
  8. Position
20
Q

Ensure that the client has not smoked or ingested hot or cold foods or liquids for 9 minutes before measurement and capable of sealing the lips around the thermometer

consider this before using which temperature route?

A

oral route

21
Q

most accurate and reliable measurement of temperature

A

rectal route

22
Q

safest and non-invasive; accessible route for temperature
- can be used for newborns and uncooperative clients

A

axillary route

23
Q

the advantage of this route is that temperature is unaltered by eating, smoking, drinking, and oxygen administration
- can be used for inant, unconscious and dyspneic clients

the disadvantages is that it may be uncomfortable and earwax may result to inaccuracy

A

tympanic route

24
Q

how to straighten the ear canal?

A

for adults: pull the pinna up and back
for children (3 yrs or younger): pull the pinna down and back

25
Q

how to do a pulse assessment by auscultation?

A

Use the diaphragm of the stethoscope to out the apical pulse at Left 5th intercostal midclavicular for adult and Left 4th intercostal midclavicular for children

26
Q

Movement of gases into in and out of the lungs, promoting an exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the capillary beds in the alveoli.

A

breathing

27
Q

what type of breathing when External intercostal muscles and other accessory muscles, such as the sternocleidomastoid muscles move too much (exert too much effort)

A

coastal breathing

28
Q

which type of breathing: the contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm only, and it is observed by the movement of the abdomen

A

diaphragmatic breathing

29
Q

factors that increase respiratory rate:

A
  • Exercise (Increases metabolism)
  • Stress (Readies the body for flight or fight)
  • Increased environmental temperature
  • Lowered oxygen concentration at increased altitudes
30
Q

factors that decrease respiratory rate:

A
  • Decreased environmental temperature
  • Certain medication (Eg. Narcotics)
  • Increased intracranial pressure
31
Q

how to assess respirations

A
  • Count respiration with client in comfortable position. Place clients arm in relaxed position across abdomen or lower chest
  • Discreetly observe the rise and fall of the chest
  • Observe the character of respirations
32
Q

what is Dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing

33
Q

what is orthopnea

A

ability to breathe upright only

34
Q

whats the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

A

Systolic Pressure - Ventricular Contraction
Diastolic Pressure - Ventricular Relaxation

35
Q

what is the pressure for hypertension

A

stage 1: 130/80
stage 2: >140/>90

36
Q

an unpleasant and highly personal experience that maybe imperceptible to others while consuming all parts of the person’s life

A

pain

37
Q

7 attributes of symptoms

A
  1. location
  2. quality (what does it feel like)
  3. quantity/ severity (ask with a scale of 1-10)
  4. timing (onset, duration, frequency)
  5. setting
  6. aggravating and relieving factors
  7. associated symptoms
38
Q

cardinal techniques in physical examination

A
  1. inspection
  2. palpitation
  3. percussion
  4. auscultation

INTRO TO HC-HAWAN (4 decks)

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