Vital signs Chapter 24 Lecture and text Flashcards by Lisa Guerino

What is often considered the 5th vital sign?

Pain

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What are Vital Signs indicators of?

list 3 things

Indicator of...
* health status
* effectiveness of body functions
* change in physiologic function
also provides baseline data

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When should vital signs be taken?

when at rest

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What do you need to be sure to identify about vital signs?

when readings are above normal, below normal and have changed from previous measurements

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What is the acceptable temperature range for an adult?

F and C

36 - 38 degrees C

96.8 - 100.4 degrees F

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Give the Average adult temperature for oral/tympanic

37 degrees C

98.6 degree F

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What is the Average adult temperature rectally?

5 degrees C

99. 5 degrees F

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Average adult temperature Axillary ?

5 degrees C

97. 7 degrees F

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What is the acceptable range for an adults Pulse ?

60-100 bpm

same for adolescents and adults

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Give the adult range for respirations

12 - 20 breaths per minute

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What is the ideal adult Blood Pressure

< 120/80 mm Hg

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What is the acceptable range for pulse pressure for adults?

30 - 50 mm Hg

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Name the part of the brain that’s responsible for the regulation of temperature

Hypothalamus

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What is body temperature technically?

formula

heat produced - heat lost = Body temperature

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What is core temperature?

temperature of deep tissues

stays relatively constant

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What is our primary source of heat?

Metabolism

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List three things that increase metabolism

Hormones
muscle movements
exercise

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What two hormones are released when additional heat is required?

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
(they alter metabolism)

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Thyroid hormone and shivering also ________ heat production

increase

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Name 4 ways our bodies have normal heat loss

Radiation
Conduction
Convection
Evaporation

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List the 4 factors from Lecture affecting temperature

Age and Gender
Circadian Rhythm
Hormones
Environmental Temperatures

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What do these stand for?
TPR
BP

Temperature, Pulse, Respiration

Blood Pressure

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If blood pressure is high, what are the vessels doing?

they are constricted

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You need to know the baseline so that you have a point of comparison, just incase what happens?

there’s a change in physiologic function

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When you are assessing a patient to compare their vital signs to " Normal " , what is normal?

the numbers that are your patients Normal

A fever within range means what?

your body is fighting off an infection

What is responsible for setting the bodie's Set Point?

Hypothalamus

Criticore Foley is used to get a core temp second by second, what type of equipment is being used?

catheter

Febrile? | Afebrile?

with fever | without fever

What is the Window of opportunity?

A time frame where you can diagnose and figure out what's going on before it get's out of hand

pan culture?

all cultures across the board

sepsis leads to ======>

septic shock

what are antipyretics?

fever reducer | tylenol (aceteminophen)

If a patient has a fever do we want to give them more clothes and covers or get them naked (less clothing)?

get them naked (less clothing) to cool them down

You need to reduce physical activity of your patient if they have a fever. true or false?

true

If you take a pulse below the waist, what are you looking for?

checking to make sure you even have one | not common to do them unless you aren't finding one in the common spots

What are you checking when you check a pulse?

for Cardiac Output (CO)

How many bpm is considered bradycardic (bradycardia)?

60 bpm or less

How many bpm is considered tachycardic? (tachycardia)

100 - 150 bpm

What is the medical term for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli of the lungs and circulating blood?

Diffusion

What is the medical term for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulating blood and tissues (tissue cells)

Perfusion

list the things that can affect respiration

* Exercise * Pain * Anxiety * Smoking * Body Position * Medications * Neurological injury

Give the normal range for Oxygen Saturation

95%-100%

What can give you a false Oxygen Saturation read? | list of 5 things

* Anemia * Outside Light * Nail polish * impeding blood flow * tremors

Give 7 factors that influence blood pressure

* Age * Stress * Ethnicity * Gender * Medication * Activity and Weight * Smoking

Most common way to measure Blood Pressure?

Ausculation

give an example of a non-invasive way to take a pulse

arterial line

If your patient is coding, which location would you go to to get a pulse?

femoral

Where do you want the patients arm in order to take their Blood Pressure?

heart level

What is orthostatic hypotension?

Difference in BP between lying down, sitting, and standing

What does Heavy ETOH consumption mean?

heavy drinker (alcoholic) ET= Ethyl OH= alcohol

Why do you get dizzy and feel like you may pass out when you stand up too fast after sleeping all night?

fluid (blood) needs to redistribute

If someone pinches you, what type of pain is that?

Cutaneous | skin deep

If you have bone cancer, what type of pain are you most likely feeling?

Somatic | Bone, muscular, etc

What type of pain is organ pain?

Visceral

What is Referred pain?

starts at one place and moves to another | example: when men have a heart attack

If you are anxious, do things hurt more?

yes

List some nonverbal behaviors associated with chronic pain

* Bracing * Rubbing * Sighing * Change in appetite

What do the letters PQRSTU stand for having to do with Assessment Questions

Palliative or Provacative Quality (description of pain) Region or Radiation (where does it hurt, stay or spread) Severity (0-10 scale) Timing (constant, intermittent or both) Understand (effect of pain on the individual)

Alzheimers patients can't verbalize that they are in pain. | true or false?

true

What does PAINAD stand for? | a scale used for patients that can't verbalize they are in pain

Pain Assessment in Advanced Dimensia

What do opioids cause ?

* Constipation | * central nervous system depressant (CNS)

Corticosteroids are used in conjunction with what type of pain med therapy sometimes?

opioids

Define convection in relation to body heat loss.

Convection is when air or water flowing by the skin carry away body heat

Define Radiation in relation to body heat loss.

the heat generated from within the body is given off to the surrounding atmosphere

Define Evaporation in relation to body heat loss.

When you sweat or your skin or clothing gets wet, the evaporation of that liquid promotes heat loss

Define Conduction in relation to body heat loss.

The body conducts heat to whatever the skin is in direct contact with.