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Methods Block 2 > Vital signs > Flashcards

Vital signs Flashcards

1
Q

Vital sign def

A
  • measurements of the body’s most basic functions
  • routinely monitored by medical professionals
  • help assess the general physical health of a patient
  • give clues to possible diagnosis
  • normal ranges vary for age, weight, gender, and overall health
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2
Q

4 main vital signs

A
  • pulse
  • temp
  • respiration rate
  • blood pressure
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3
Q

Pulse rate

A
  • measures the surge of arterial blood that occurs with each contraction of the heart muscle
  • indicates force, rate, and rhythm
  • measures quality of peripheral vascular perfusion
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4
Q

Where can you take pulse rate?

A
  • radial artery
  • temporal artery
  • carotid artery
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5
Q

How is pulse characterized

A
  • rate(number per minute)(rate is main thing but check others too)
  • rhythm
  • force
  • quality
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6
Q

Normal pulse

A

-generally 60-100 beats per minute
-variation:
exercise-higher when exercising, athletes have lower resting pulse(54)

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7
Q

Causes of Tachycardia

A
  • pulse too fast
  • inflammation: for every 1 degree increase, increase 10 beats per minute
  • Sympathetic stimulation of parasympathetic inhibition
  • medications: anti depressants/ diet pills, phenyl and cyclo
  • cardiac abnormalities: MI,CHF
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8
Q

Systemic diseases and tachycardia

A

Anemia: about 1% of of patients
Hyperthyroidism: 200,000 a year in US
Tumors: rare. overproduce hormones

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9
Q

Causes of Bradycardia

A
  • pulse too slow
  • parasympathetic stimulation of sympathetic inhibition
  • Medications: pilocarpine, beta blockers, glaucoma meds
  • Cardiac abnormalities: heart block
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10
Q

Systemic diseases and bradycardia

A

Hypothyroidism: lowers metabolism, not enough production of thyroxine hormone

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11
Q

Pulse rhythm

A
  • should be regular(set intervals)
  • occasional premature beats are normal
  • frequent dysrhythmia needs investigation
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12
Q

Pulse force

A
  • should be fairly consistent without variation

- CHF gives different forces

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13
Q

Pulse Quality

A
  • should not be abnormally weak or difficult to detect

- force quality

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14
Q

What if you find something abnormal?

A
  • recognize
  • record
  • address
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15
Q

Blood pressure

A
  • measures vascular pressure during heartbeat and between heartbeats
  • during is higher than in between
  • recorded in millimeters of mercury
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16
Q

Systolic pressure

A
  • numerator
  • during heart beat
  • should be higher
17
Q

Diastolic pressure

A
  • denominator
  • in between beat
  • should be lower
  • at rest
18
Q

Why take blood pressure?

A

-hypertension is asymptomatic and known as the silent killer
-patients might not go to the doctor, only you
-can cause systemic and ocular disease and death
-can cause ocular problems(blindness, lack of blood supply to optic nerve)
-untreated can lead to:
stroke
heart attack
kidney problems
death

19
Q

Normal blood pressure

A
  • UNDER 120 AND UNDER 80
  • if one is under but on is above, still abnormal
  • NOT 120/80
20
Q

Things to know about blood pressure

A
  1. it can change from minute to minute due to posture, exercise, stress, sleep
  2. hypertension is NOT diagnosed with one reading
  3. normal is UNDER for people 20 and older
  4. ONE IN THREE US ADULTS HAS HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
21
Q

Sphygmomanometry

A
  • measure Bp
  • let patient sit for a hot minute
  • cuff should be 1-2 inches larger than patient’s arm
  • put stethoscope on brachial artery in antecubital space
  • listen to appearance and disappearance of sounds
22
Q

how BP?

A
  • pump up way past where it should be
  • first time you hear beat is systolic
  • release until you hear last beat(diastolic)
23
Q

Abnormal BP protocal?

A

prehypertension: refer to PCP within 1-2 months
- Hypertension: stage 1-PCP in one month, stage 2-PCP or ER immediately
- Hypertensive crises: call ER

-just general, like you can get your own thing when you’re a real person

24
Q

Respiration

A
  • breathing:inspiration and expiration=one respiratory cycle
  • normal is 12-18 breaths per min
  • should be easy and regular
  • usually not measured in OD, but certain implication can apply
25
Q

Dyspnea

A
  • labored and irregular respiration

- shortness of breath

26
Q

Temperature

A
  • body’s internal temperature
  • 97.8-99 degrees
  • not routinely measured in OD, but cellulitis
27
Q

Fever

A

-body temp rises ONE degree or more over 98.6F

28
Q

Hypothermia

A

-a drop in body temp below 95 degrees F

29
Q

Abnormal pulse means…

A

-heart cannot function properly and requires further evaluation

30
Q

Abnormal BP means…

A
  • may cause ocular/systemic problems

- ESSENTIAL eye doctors know to use it

Methods Block 2 (7 decks)

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