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Methods Block 2 > Cover Test > Flashcards

Cover Test Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Cover Test determine?

A
  • presence of a deviation
  • laterality(which eye)
  • frequency of the deviation
  • direction of phoria or tropia
  • magnitude of deviation
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2
Q

Orthophoria

A

-the perfect alignment in the absence of a stimulus for fixation

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3
Q

Heterophoria/phoria

A
  • the tendency for the eyes to deviate when fusion is blocked
  • small phoria is common for most people
  • usually overcome by fusion
  • if no movement with cover/uncover test when either eye was covered
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4
Q

Esophoria

A

-“posture” slightly inward

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5
Q

Exophoria

A

-“posture” slightly outward

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6
Q

Decompensating phoria

A
  • when motor fusion is no longer enough to overcome the phoria
  • can result in discomfort or diplopia
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7
Q

Heterotropia/tropia

A
  • MANIFEST deviation
  • visual axes of both eyes do not intersect at fixation
  • leads to diplopia or suppression of the deviated eye
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8
Q

Anisometropia

A
  • difference in refractive errors between the two eyes

- can result in tropia

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9
Q

Why tropia?

A
  • anisometropia
  • abnormality with extraocular muscles
  • eye disease
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10
Q

Cover-uncover test

A
  • unilateral cover test
  • helps differentiate..
  • presence of a deviation
  • laterality
  • frequency
  • THIS TEST IS ALWAYS DONE FIRST
  • DONE IN ALL POSITIONS OF GAZE
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11
Q

Alternating cover test

A

determines. ..
- direction of deviation
- magnitude of deviation
- cover one eye to break fusion, the alternate between covering eyes to observe movement/direction
- WATCH UNCOVERED EYE FOR REFIXATING AND DIRECTION

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12
Q

What do you do test?

A

DO NEAR AND DISTANCE BOTH EVERY TIME

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13
Q

“cover” in cover-uncover test

A
  • shows if deviation is phoria or tropia
  • evaluates the visual axis of each eye when both eyes are viewing a target
  • look at the eye that is not covered
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14
Q

Cover-uncover results

A

phoria-the visual axis of both eyes are aligned on the target with both eyes open
tropia- the visual axis of one eye is aligned on the target while the other is misaligned with both eyes open

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15
Q

Uncover in cover uncover test

A
  • shows if tropia is alternating or unilateral
  • focus on eye not covered to determine if it picks up fixation
  • shows if tropia is constant or intermediate
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16
Q

Uncover test results

A

unilateral tropia: right or lef, one eye usually fixates when both are open
-the tropic eye only fixates when the preferred fixating eye is covered

alternating tropia: patient is able to keep either eye on the target with both eyes open

17
Q

where should you sit?

A

-you can see both eyes, but you do not block the patients fixation on the target

18
Q

Distance?

A
  • at distance, isolate letter that is 1 or 2 lines LARGER than the best corrected VA in poorer seeing eye
  • at near, hold target 40cm
  • patient may hold target if they start to lose focus
19
Q

Assess fixation

A
  • determine if the patient is able to fixate with the right eye when the left eye is covered and then check left
  • OBSERVE ANY MOVEMENT OF THE RIGHT EYE AS SOON AS THE LEFT EYE IS COVERED. IF NO MOVEMENT, THE RIGHT EYE WAS FIXATING WHEN BOTH EYES ARE OPEN
20
Q

fusion

A
  • binocular vision
  • when switching occluder between eyes, allow a couple seconds to let eyes resume their relationship with each other
  • BRING BACK FUSION
21
Q

Measuring the deviation

A
  • put prism in front of the eye and watch the other
  • move occluder back and forth and increase prism until you no longer see movement
  • deviation is neutralized at the amount of prism where both eyes appear to be aligned and there is not movement on alternative CT
22
Q

Exo

A

-correct with base in

23
Q

Eso

A

-correct with base out

24
Q

Hypo

A

-correct with base up

25
Q

Hyper

A

-correct with base down

26
Q

Ortho

A

-verify by sing BI and then BO

27
Q

Recording!

A
  • cc or sc(if they come in with glasses, make them wear them)
  • Distance and Near(use prime)
  • amount of prism in prism diopters
  • E for eso
  • X for Exo
  • RH is right hypertropia
  • ortho for no deviaion
  • P or T
  • R,L, alt
  • only record vertical phorias and tropias
  • () for intermittent
28
Q

Comitancy

A
  • deviation size remains the same (within 5 diopters) in all positions of gaze
  • implies no muscles are underreacting or overreacting
29
Q

Noncomitancy

A
  • deviation size changes in different positions of gaze
  • more than 5 diopters
  • due to over action or under action of one or multiple muscles

Methods Block 2 (7 decks)

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