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B2 Methods > Vital Signs > Flashcards

Vital Signs Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of vital signs

A

Measurements of the body’s most basic functions

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2
Q

4 main vital signs

A

Pulse
Temperature
Respiration rate
Blood pressure

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3
Q

Why check vital signs?

A

Assess general physical health, give clues to possible diseases, and show progress towards recovery.

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4
Q

What is the normal range of a person’s vital signs?

A

Different for each person, dependent on age, weight, gender, and overall health

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5
Q

Pulse rate is a key indicator of

A

Cardiovascular function

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6
Q

Temperature is a key indicator of

A

Inflammation or infection

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7
Q

Respiration rate is a key indicator of

A

Pulmonary function

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8
Q

Blood pressure is a key indicator of

A

Cardiovascular function

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9
Q

What does pulse rate measure?

A

The surge of arterial blood that occurs with each contraction of the heart muscle

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10
Q

Pulse measurement is char actives by 4 things

A

Rate
Rhythm
Force
Quality

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11
Q

What is a normal pulse rate?

A

60-100 bpm

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12
Q

Examples of abnormal pulse rates

A

tachycardia and bradycardia

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13
Q

When pulse rate is too fast…

A

Tachycardia

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14
Q

When pulse rate is too slow….

A

Bradycardia

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15
Q

Causes of Tachycardia

A

Inflammation
-fever (for every 1 deg increase, +10 bpm)
Sympathetic stimulation/parasympathetic inhibition
-fight or flight reaction, systemic diseases
Medications
-systemic or ocular
Cardiac abnormalities
-MI, CHF, atrial fibrillation

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16
Q

Causes of Bradycardia

A 
Parasympathetic stimulation/Sympathetic inhibition
   -systemic diseases
Medications
   -ocular
Cardiac abnormalities
   -various types of heart block
17
Q

Rhythm should be:

A

Regular. Occurring at set intervals

18
Q

Force should be:

A

Fairly consistent without significant variation (as may occur with CHF)

19
Q

Quality should be:

A

Not abnormally weak. Difficult to detect

20
Q

Blood pressure measures…

A

Vascular pressure during heartbeat and between heartbeats.

21
Q

blood pressure is recorded as:

A

Ex.

117/76 mm Hg

22
Q

What do the Blood pressure number represent?

A

Top number: systolic pressure, during heart beat

Bottom number: diastolic pressure, heart at rest

23
Q

Why be concerned about BP?

A

HBP is known as the silent killer (no symptoms)

Patients may not go to the doctor if they feel well.

Untreated hypertension may lead to other problems

Hypertension can be the cause of visual symptoms and/or ocular problems

24
Q

Untreated hyper tension can lead to…

A

Stroke
Heart attack
Kidney problems
Deatttthhhhhhhhh, oh no.

25
Q

HBP is known as the

A

Silent killer. Wow. Such terror.

26
Q

Is hypertension diagnosed with a single high BP reading? Why?

A

No, because BP can change due to simple things like posture, exercise, stress, sleep

27
Q

Normal BP for adult 20 and over

A

120/80 mm Hg

28
Q

What is sphygmomanometry?

A

Measuring BP

29
Q

Proper procedure of measuring BP

A

Allow pt to sit quietly before measuring

Place cuff of appropriate size around bared upper arm and inflate

Slowly deflate cuff while using stethoscope on brachial artery in antecubital space to listen for sounds

30
Q

What to do if abnormal reading

A

Recheck abnormal finding.

Prehypertension may be referred to PCP or reevaluated within a month of 2

Hypertension should be referred appropriately (dependent on severity)

31
Q

What is one full respiratory cycle?

A

Inspiration and expiration

32
Q

What is the normal rate for respiration in adults?

A

12-18 breaths per minute

33
Q

Assessed quality of respiration

A

Should be easy and regular

Labored and irregular is abnormal

34
Q

What is Dyspnea?

A

Shortness of breath

35
Q

What does respiration have to do with eye care?

A

Although not routinely measured at OD, may imply glaucoma (due to meds/COPD?)

36
Q

Normal body temp

A

97.8 to 99 degF

37
Q

Temperate and eye care

A

Ex. Differentiating the cause of red eye

B2 Methods (8 decks)

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