Development Of The Ametropias

Question 1

Refractive Changes from birth to 5 years of age

Answer 1

1st month of life - -10 D to +5 D

Mean refractive error in first month of life - -0.70 D

Shift to emmetropia with age

Decrease in ATR in first few years of life

Higher degrees of myopia in premature infants (especially with low birth weights)

Question 2

6 year old with +1.50 or more hyperopia will have what at age 13?

Answer 2

Hyperopia still

Question 3

6 year olds with +0.50 D to +1.24 D will be what at age 13?

Answer 3

Emmetropic

Question 4

6 year old child with 0 to +0.49 D will be what at age 13?

Answer 4

Myopic

Question 5

Child who are myopic at age 6, will be what at age 13?

Answer 5

More myopic

Question 6

Do school aged children experience a greater change in refractive error as a myope or hyperope?

Answer 6

Myope, or even hyperope into myope

Question 7

4 types of myopia

Answer 7

Congenital

Youth-onset

Early adult onset

Late adult onset

Question 8

What’s the most common type of myopia?

Answer 8

Youth-onset myopia.

School-age years

Prevalence at 5 or 6 years of age (2%)

Prevalence at 15 or 16 years of age (20-25%)

Onset for females is about 2 years earlier than males

Question 9

Progression of Childhood Myopia

Answer 9

Once myopia appears in childhood, it increases until the middle to late teens

Question 10

Mean age of Cessation of Myopic Progression

Answer 10

~15-16

15. 21 in females
16. 66 in males

Question 11

Ocular Optical Component Changes in Progression of Childhood Myopia

Answer 11

Axial elongation of vitreous chamber is responsible for myopia progression

Question 12

As axial length increases…

Answer 12

More myopic

Question 13

Refractive power decreases..

Answer 13

Hyperopia

From decrease in crystalline lens power and decreases in corneal power

Question 14

Emmetropic children between ages 6 to 14 years old show..

Answer 14

Increase in iliac length

Decrease in crystalline lens thickness

Decrease in crystalline lens power