Vital Sign Regulation Flashcards
What vessels are more muscular and are able to constrict to maintain homeostasis
medium vessels - temperature and vascular demands during exertion
What vessels are blood pressure managers
the smaller arteries and arterioles
they are highly muscular to manage BP
where are nutrients and other materials exchanged
the extravascular space (3rd space)
through the extracellular fluid (interstitial)
What is the definition of resistance
opposition to flow
What is Poiseulle’s Law
resistance is related to the tube length, the diameter and blood viscosity
what is the systolic pressure
highest arterial pressure after ventricular contraction with blood being pushed rapidly into the arterial system
what is the diastolic pressure
the lowest arterial pressure and occurs during ventricular filling
what is Pulse Pressure (PP)
systolic minus diastolic
measure of stress on small arteries
what is the most important thing to determine the resistance in a single vessel
RADIUS
What is the Mean arterial pressure (MAP)
average pressure on arteries during the entire cardiac cycle
will change based on elastic properties of the vasculature, the viscosity of the blood
what can affect the MAP
heart rate (Increased HR - increased MAP)
total blood volume
preload
afterload
systemic resistance
contractility and CO
comorbidities
how much of the TBV is held within the venous system
66%
what is the average venous pressure
average 10mmHg
what does venous return directly impact
preload
what is a compliant vessel able to do
stretch in response to increased pressure
veins and large arteries are the most compliant
where are baroreceptors found and what do they do
monitor BP within the carotid sinus and aortic arch
what monitors CO2 levels, pH
chemoreceptors
what is the purpose of the medulla oblongata
they contain baroreceptors and chemoreceptors
regulates vasoconstriction and assists with CO
constant release of NE from sympathetic fiber to maintain peripheral arteriole constriction (to some degree)
what is a more potent vasoconstrictor epinepherine or norepinepherine
norepinepherine
what is another name for systemic vascular resistance
total peripheral resistance
how does atherosclerosis affect total peripheral resistance
increases
what does BNP do
released by the heart to decrease the fluid load
what is increased in conjunction with the blood pressure
pressure within the glomerular filtration
what does an increase vascular tone cause
increase in Na+ excretion
water excretion and decreased BP
What is the glumerulus
bunch of capillaries that loop together within Bowman capsule
filtration of plasma
