Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CABS2: Cardiology > 1,000ft view Cardiology > Flashcards

1,000ft view Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the size of the heart

A

same size as a closed fist
base= superior portion
apex = point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where is the atria located

A

primarily posterior between the lung hila

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is medial sternal widening

A

width between the lungs is wider on x-ray
aortic dissection until proven otherwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the layers of the wall of the heart

A

pericardium
epicardium
myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the pericardium

A

parietal layer is the outer aspect, helps to anchor to surrounding structure. contains serous fluid to prevent inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what layer of the heart wall is adhered to the heart, smooth, transparent and slipper

A

Epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the myocardium

A

cardiac muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the endocardium

A

smooth linking for the chambers and valve
continuous blood vessel endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is endothelium

A

thick connective tissue linking the inner ascpect of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what type of cells is the heart made of

A

contractile, involuntary, striated muscle cells
- slower than skeletal muscle
- plateau phase
excitatory and conductive muscle fibers - automatic rhythmical electrical stimulation on the cardiac muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the plateau phase

A

allows blood to move the way it needs to move throughout the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how are cardiac muscles aranged

A

branching networks rather than parallel to one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the junctions between cardiac muscle cells

A

intercalculated discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the purpose of intercalculated discs

A

allows for rapid transmission of cellular activity via gap junctions and electrical conduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is released when action potential is triggered

A

calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the specific cardiac muscle troponins

A

Troponin I and Troponin T
protein is released during ischemic event and can be detected in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the timing for troponin level changes s/p MI

A

will elevate within 3 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how long does cTnT remain elevated

A

7-14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how long does cTnI remain elevated

A

10-14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what contracts during diastole

A

atria to forcefully propel blood into the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the fibrous skeleton allow

A

the ventricular and atrial contraction/depolarization to remain separate and keep passage of ions from transmitting to one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the two types of septum within the heart

A

Interatrial septum
intraventricular septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are valves within the heart made up of

A

dense connective tissue - covered by endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the atrioventricular valves

A

Tricuspid valve
Mitral valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what are the semilunar valves
Pulmonic and aortic valves
26
What attach the AV values to the Ventricular walls
chordae tendineae
27
What is the normal generator of cardiac electrical conduction
sinoatrial node
28
what passively fills the right atria
SVC and IVC and receives blood from the venous blood from coronary vasculature via the venous sinus.
29
what is the tricuspid valve
3 leaflet valve encased in endothelium opens when atrial pressures are greater than ventricular closes when ventricular pressures are greater than atrial closes very easily with minimal back-flow of blood fairly soft closure
30
What are the different pressures of the right and left atria
Right increases 4-6mmHg Left increases 7-8mmHg
31
what part of the heart is the low pressure system
right part of the heart
32
what part of the heart receives deoxygenated blood
right atria and ventricle
33
what is the pulmonic valvue
semilunar valves connects the RV with the pulmonary trunk snaps shut during beginning of diastole
34
how does the left atria receive blood
from the right and left pulmonary veins
35
what is attached to the left atria
left atrial appendage
36
what is the mitral valve
2 leaflet valve (bicuspid valve), encased in endothelium
37
what is the thickest part of the myocardium
left ventricle: needs to push against systematic vascular resistance
38
what is the end of diastolic volume
left ventricle: fills with 110-125mL of blood relaxation part before contraction
39
what is the pattern of left ventricular contraction
twist in a wringing motion with the inner, subendocardial, layer twisting rightward and outer, subepicardial, layer twisting leftward causes base to be pulled downward during systole will untwist during diastole
40
what opens during ventricular contraction (systole)
aortic valve
41
what artery feeds the heart itself with blood
coronary artery
42
What is the P wave
atria contraction / depolarization
43
what is the QRS complex
ventricular contraction / depolarization
44
what is a Q wave
downard deflection
45
what is the RS complex
ventricular depolarization complete
46
what is the pause between P and Q wave called
AV node pause - isometric
47
what is the T wave
ventricular depolarization begins at the apex and pregresses superiorly (resetting)
48
what is the pause between S and T waves
plateau phase - pause before repolarization
49
when do coronary vessels fill
during diastolic relaxation
50
what determines coronary vascular resistance
hormones neural stimulation metabolic demand peripheral vascular resistance
51
what does the right coronary artery do
supply the right atrium and right ventricle
52
what does the left circumflex artery do
supplies the left atrium and left ventricle
53
what does the left anterior descending artery do
supplies the right ventricle, left ventricle and interventricular septum
54
what does the left marginal artery do
supplies the left ventricle
55
what are the left coronary artery branches
left circumflex and left anterior descending
56
what is key about the right coronary artery
conduction system
57
systole
squeezing
58
diastole
relaxation - filling
59
what valves are open during diastole
Tricuspid and Mitral valves - AV valves
60
from the SA node - where does the stimulation go to
Travel along intranodal pathway to right atria and Bachman bundle to left atria
61
how long is the pause at the AV note
0.12 second pause
62
what is the ejection fraction
at the end of diastole during contraction about 60% ejected about 70mL from each of the ventricles into either pulmonary or systemic circulation
63
how much blood remains in the ventricles after contraction
40-50ish mL remains
64
how is ejection fraction measured
via ultrasound
65
what valves open during systole
Pulmonic and Aortic valves (semilunar valves)
66
where is a majority of the blood within the body
within the capillaries
67
What is the formula for cardiac output
stoke volume + heart rate = Cardiac output
68
what makes up the stroke volume
blood volume and vascular resistance
69
what is preload
pressure that fills the ventricles - diastolic measurement BP in the LV right before ventricular contraction begins
70
what is afterload
the resistance the left ventricle needs to push against systemic vascular resistance
71
what type of vasculature has greater amounts of tunica media
artery
72
what valves close during S1
AV values close and systole begins
73
what valve closes during S2
semilunar valves close and diastole begins
74
what can falsely elevate troponin levels
renal failure
75
when do we draw troponin levels
chest pain concerning for Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) cardiac strain CHF
76
what is CPK-MB
creatine phosphokinase MB creatinine kinase is enzyme that is found within the heart, skeletal muscle and brain takes longer to elevate, returns back to normal earlier than troponin
77
What is a BNP
B-type natriuretic peptide - hormone that was initially identified in the brain, diuretic and hypotensive effects typically from cardiac ventricle - rate of elevation correlates with degree of heart failure elevated with HTN, CHF, and atherosclerosis

CABS2: Cardiology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions