Vital Components Of Living Things

Question 1

_____ organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen 1:2:1

Answer 1

Carbohydrates

Question 2

Subunit of Carbohydrates

Answer 2

Glucose or sugar

Question 3

One molecule of glucose can produce ______ATPs

Answer 3

36-38

Question 4

_______ are usually made of 5 or 6 carbon atoms with an empirical formula of CH2O.

Answer 4

Monosaccharides

Question 5

3 simple sugars are

Answer 5

Glucose, fructose, Galactose

Question 6

_____ is the primary source of energy for cells. Also referred to as blood sugar.

Answer 6

Glucose

Question 7

the sweetest sugar that is found in fruits.

Answer 7

Fructose

Question 8

____ is the basic milk sugar.

Answer 8

Galactose

Question 9

Composed of two monosaccharides formed: condensation reaction or the water-released reaction.

Answer 9

Disaccharides

Question 10

3 disaccharides:

Answer 10

Maltose, sucrose and lactose

Question 11

Glucose to glucose

Answer 11

Maltose

Question 12

Fructose to Glucose

Answer 12

Sucrose

Question 13

Galactose to glucose

Answer 13

Lactose

Question 14

____ saccharides with three or more (many) combinations of sugar molecules.

Answer 14

Polysaccharides

Question 15

Stored in animals as a

Answer 15

Glycogen

Question 16

Plants store sugar as

Answer 16

Starch and cellulose

Question 17

Also be found on the lining of the exoskeleton as _____

Answer 17

Chitin

Question 18

_____ a type of organic molecules which comprises of fats and oils.

Answer 18

Lipid

Question 19

Basic unit of Lipids

Answer 19

Fatty acid and glycerol

Question 20

_____ primary building block of lipids, composed of a chain of carbons with hydrogen-bonded to each side. Ex. of lipids are fats, oils, waxes, and hormones.

Answer 20

Fatty acid

Question 21

Have two carbons bonded to each carbon (except the one at the end), forming single bonds. Unhealthy fats commonly from animal sources.

Answer 21

Saturated fats

Question 22

safurated fats are _____ at room temperature.

Answer 22

Solid

Question 23

Double bonds that lack at least one hydrogen, forming kinked or bent in shape. Healthy fats because the fat molecules don’t stack tightly together.

Answer 23

Unsaturated fats

Question 24

Unsaturated fats are ____ in room temperature

Answer 24

Liquid

Question 25

Organic compounds composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.

Answer 25

Proteins

Question 26

Subunit of polymers of proteins

Answer 26

Amino acid

Question 27

There are about 20 different kinds of amino acids that consist of five separate sections:

Answer 27

A central carbon atom, a carboxyl group (-COOH), an amino group (-NH2), hydrogen, and an “R” group.

Question 28

The only difference in the 20 kinds of amino acids is the “__” group. Some “___” groups are tiny, others are large, and others form chains and rings.

Answer 28

R

Question 29

______ is vital for the structure (our muscles, hair, nails, cell membranes, defense (antibodies), blood (hemoglobin transports oxygen), brain & nerve function, enzyme, & to make other proteins.

Answer 29

Proteins

Question 30

_____ class of organic molecules that involve the genetic materials, DNA, and RNA.

Answer 30

Nucleic acid

Question 31

______ the blueprint of living things, for it controls the instructions on how to make proteins in the body.

Answer 31

DNA

Question 32

DNA stands for

Answer 32

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 33

_____ generates a template of DNA to be constructed outside of the nucleus in the cytoplasm.

Answer 33

RNA

Question 34

RNA STANDS FOR

Answer 34

Ribonucleic acids

Question 35

___ monomer or the sub-unit of nucleic acids.

Answer 35

Nucleotide

Question 36

Nucleotide composed of 4 parts the _____

Answer 36

a pentose, a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base

Question 37

DNA looks like that of a twisted ladder called a

Answer 37

Double helix

Question 38

Backbone of the DNA structure is made of _____

Answer 38

Pentose sugar (phosphate and deoxyribose )

Question 39

Inside structure of the ladder is consisted of four kinds of nitrogenous-bases, with one base attaching to the sugar part.
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases?

Answer 39

Guanine Cytosine Adenine Thymine

Question 40

The double helix bond together by the nitrogen-containing bases: from one strand to the bases and the other strand’s bases, forming ______

Answer 40

Rings

Question 41

The bases bonded to a precise manner, Adenine always bind to ________ , and _________ always attaches to Guanine.

Answer 41

Thymine Cytosine

Question 42

The sugar in DNA is _______, the sugar RNA is ______.

Answer 42

deoxyribose ribose

Question 43

DNA is a ____ helix, while RNA has ____ strand.

Answer 43

double, one

Question 44

The _____ in RNA, and takes the place of the Thymine (T) in DNA.

Answer 44

Uracil (U)

Question 45

DNA is contained in the cell’s _____

Answer 45

Nucleus

Question 46

while _____ can enter and exit the nucleis

Answer 46

RNA