Visual Systems in Flight

Question 1

Coloring tint in the retina that aids the rods with night vision

Answer 1

Rhodopsin, “Visual Purple”

Question 2

Two types of photoreceptors

Answer 2

Rods and Cones

Question 3

Light Photoreceptors

Answer 3

Cones

Question 4

Low light photoreceptors

Answer 4

Rods

Question 5

Photoreceptor responisble for color

Answer 5

Cones

Question 6

Area of the Retina where most cones are located

Answer 6

Fovea Centralis

Question 7

Day retinal Blind Spot

Answer 7

5.5 to 7.5 degrees

Question 8

Night Blind spot

Answer 8

5 to 10 degrees

Question 9

Astigmatism

Answer 9

Unequal curvature of the cornea. Causes inability to focus on verticl and horizontal features simultaneously

Question 10

Glare Disability

Answer 10

Inability to detect objects against varying shades or background related to contrast

Question 11

Myopia

Answer 11

Nearsightedness

Question 12

Hyperopia

Answer 12

Farsightedness

Question 13

Presbyopia

Answer 13

Hardeding of the lens, loss of elasticity, Cataracts. Caused by ageing.

Question 14

Photopic Vision

Answer 14

Daylight or bright light, color sense and sharp image

Question 15

Mesopic Vision

Answer 15

Dusk/dawn, full moon light. Decreased Visual acuity, must do more scanning

Question 16

Scotopic Vision

Answer 16

Night vision, peripheral vision only. Acuity degraded to silhouettes

Question 17

Binocular Cues

Answer 17

Each eye has a slightly different view

Question 18

Monocular Cues

Answer 18

GRAM, 
Geometric perspective
Retinal image size
Aerial perspective 
Motion parallax

Question 19

Geometric perspective

Answer 19

Objects have different shapes when viewed at different angles/altitudes

Question 20

Retinal Image Size

Answer 20

KITO
Known size of objects 
Increasing/decreasing size of objects 
Terestrial association 
Overlapping contours

Question 21

Aerial Perspective

Answer 21

An object’s clarity and its shadow are preceived by the brain as cues for estimating distance

Question 22

Fading of Colors and shades

Answer 22

Veiwing objects through fog or dust, etc.

Question 23

Loss of Detail/Texture

Answer 23

When the horizan and ground blur together

Question 24

Motion Parallax

Answer 24

Most important visual cue

Stationary objects, observer moving, aids with perception of motion/depth

Question 25

Visual Illusions Acronym

Answer 25

ICCHAFFSS

Question 26

Induced Motion

Answer 26

Falsely precieved motion of one’s self

-Formation flights

Question 27

Confusion with ground lights

Answer 27

Ground lights being precieved as stars and visa versa

Question 28

Crater Illusion

Answer 28

Illusion that aicraft is landing ina hole when the search light is positioned to far under aircraft

Question 29

Height-depth illusion (loss of visual cues)

Answer 29

Due to absent or decreased visual cues Loss of depth preception

Question 30

Autokinesis

Answer 30

When Static light apears to move after being stared at for several seconds

Question 31

False Horizon

Answer 31

Occurs when the wrong reference point is chosen for orientation

Question 32

Fascination/fixation

Answer 32

Tunnel vision on one form of stimulus

Question 33

Structural illusion

Answer 33

When objects become distorted when visual field is obstructed

Question 34

Size distance illusion

Answer 34

False preception of distance or size of object, often due to unfamiliarity