Visual systems 2 + Taste

Question 1

Which retina side does not cross at the optic chiasm?

Answer 1

Temporal side

Question 2

Which layers of the LGN receive input from the nasal retina of the other side?

Answer 2

1, 4, 6

Question 3

Which layers of the LGN receive input from the temporal retina of the same side?

Answer 3

2, 3, 5

Question 4

Which layers of the LGN do P type ganglions project to?

Answer 4

3, 4, 5, 6

Question 5

Which layers of the LGN do M type ganglions project to?

Answer 5

1, 2

Question 6

what do simple vision cells respond to?

Answer 6

specific orientation and position

Question 7

What do complex vision cells respond to?

Answer 7

specific orientation any position

Question 8

What is the final stage L and R retinal input are separate?

Answer 8

Layer 4

Question 9

The blue columns in the visual cortex are located on which side of the visual field?

Answer 9

Ipsilateral

Question 10

The red columns of the visual cortex are located o which side of the visual field?

Answer 10

Contralateral

Question 11

Which layer of the visual cortex do knockocellular LGN neurons project to?

Answer 11

L2 & L3

Question 12

Which layer of the visual cortex do parvocellular LGN neurons project to?

Answer 12

4C-beta

Question 13

Which layer of the visual cortex do magnocellular LGN neurons project to?

Answer 13

L4C-alpha

Question 14

What layer of the visual cortex does vision fuse together?

Answer 14

Layer 3

Question 15

What layer of the visual cortex does the LGN project to?

Answer 15

4C

Question 16

What happens in the second layer of the visual cortex?

Answer 16

information is sent to other cortical areas

Question 17

What is the role of layer 5 in the visual cortex?

Answer 17

It sends information to the superior colliculus and the pons

Question 18

Whats another feature of complex cells?

Answer 18

They are direction sensitive

Question 19

What is the role of the M-type, P-type and non-M-non-P cells

Answer 19

M - motion
P - shape
non-M-non-P - color

Question 20

What are the 5 tastes?

Answer 20

Sour, umami, bitter, sweet, salty

Question 21

Describe the numeric organization of taste receptors

Answer 21

Papilla (small projections on the tongue) - each papilla has 1-100 taste buds, each taste bud has 50-150 receptor cells

Question 22

Which tastes do not overlap?

Answer 22

Umami, sweet, bitter

Question 23

What compound activates sodium channels in taste receptor cells?

Answer 23

Amiloride

Question 24

describe the order of the taste system?

Answer 24

chemical compounds activate a G-protein which activates a phospholipase-C which increases IP3 which opens Na and Ca channels

Question 25

Describe the G-protein arrangement of sweet bitter and umami receptors

Answer 25

Bitter - T2Rs Sweet - T1R2s and T1R3s Umami - T1R1 & T1R3

Question 26

Describe the anatomical pathway of taste

Answer 26

Receptors go to the gustatory nucleus which goes to the ventral posterior medial nucleus (VPN) in the thalamus which projects to the gustatory complex