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Principles of Neurobiology 3350 > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the dorsal view?

A

Viewing an object from above

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2
Q

What is the ventral view?

A

Viewing an object from below

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3
Q

What is the lateral view?

A

Viewing an object from the side

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4
Q

What is the medial view?

A

Viewing an object through a middle cross section

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5
Q

What does ipsilateral mean?

A

same side

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6
Q

What does contralateral mean?

A

opposite side

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7
Q

What are the parts of the CNS common to all mammals?

A

Cerebrum (cortex), cerebellum, brain stem

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8
Q

What are the main divisions of the forebrain?

A

Telencephalon & diencephalon

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9
Q

What are the ventricles in the forebrain?

A

Lateral ventricles (two on top), third ventricle (in the middle)

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10
Q

What are the gray matter structures of the forebrain?

A

Cerebral cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal telencephalon

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11
Q

Precentral gyrus

A
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12
Q

What are the white matter structures of the forebrain?

A

Corpus callosum, cortical white matter, internal capsule

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13
Q

What is the defining feature of the human brain vs the rodent brain?

A

The gyri and sulci in human, bigger olfactory bulbs in mouse

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14
Q

What is the difference between an ipsilateral and contralateral side?

A

Ipsilateral is same side, contralateral is opposite

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15
Q

Is stroke damage shown on the ipsilateral or contralateral side?

A

Contralateral

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16
Q

What is diastasis?

A

The changing of positions of areas in the brain to make up for deficits

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17
Q

Roughly how many cells are found in the brain?

A

85 million

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18
Q

What is the intelligence and advancement of humans explained?

A

It is due to the number of connections within the brain

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19
Q

What fissure is the most visually obvious?

A

The Sagittal fissure

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20
Q

What is the biggest white matter structure in the telencephalon?

A

The corpus callosum

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21
Q

What is the role of the white matter internal capsule?

A

It relays information from the cortex to the thalamus and down the spinal cord

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22
Q

What is a gyrus and sulcus?

A

A gyrus is a rise, and a sulcus is a fold

23
Q

What are the important gyri and sulci?

A

The lateral fissure, central sulcus

The superior temporal gyrus, precentral and postcentral gyri

24
Q

What brain structure is the precentral gyrus close to compared to the postcentral?

A

The frontal cortex

25
What are the two types of stroke?
Ischemic - clot Hemorrhagic - bleed from aneurysm
26
What are the cortex lobes?
Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, insula (deep)
27
Name the areas of the frontal cortex in a counter clockwise direction starting at the precentral gyrus
Primary motor cortex, Premotor cortex, Frontal eye field, Prefrontal cortex, Broca's area
28
What side of the brain is Broca's area on and what does it control?
It is on the left side and controls speech muscles
29
What is the role of the parietal cortex?
Somatosensory cortex and proprioception in space
30
Name the areas of the parietal lobe functional areas going clockwise starting at the postcentral gyrus
The primary somatosensory cortex, somatosensory associated cortex, posterior association area
31
What is the role of the somatosensory associated cortex?
The processing and analyzing and memory of sensations
32
What is the role of the posterior association area?
It is where different sensory systems meet, and also is involved in proprioception
33
Where are the primary and associated visual cortices found?
Primary visual is the most posterior, and associated is slightly more frontal
34
What is the role of the temporal lobe?
Olfaction and auditory sensing.
35
What are the areas of the temporal lobe from superior to inferior?
Wernicke's area, primary auditory cortex, auditory association area, olfactory and association cortex
36
What is the insular cortex responsible for?
Taste, visceral sensation, autonomic control, equilibrium
37
What has happened to primary sensory areas over time?
They take up less brain space and associated areas take up more
38
In a medial sagittal slice of the brain, what is the big white matter structure in the middle, and what is directly superior to it?
The corpus callosum is in the middle and the cingulate gyrus is above it
39
Name and describe the information pathway of the hippocampus
The trisynaptic pathway involves information coming in the entorhinal cortex, axons from the DG synapsing (mossy fibers) onto pyramidal CA3 neurons, which synapse(Schaffer collaterals) onto CA1 pyramidal neurons
40
What is the limbic system circuit responsible for memories?
Pepez circuit
41
What is at the top of the fornix cycle and what is in the cycle?
The neocortex has an information pathway to the cingulate cortex, which in involved in a cycle with the hippocampus, hypothalamus (through the fornix), and the Anterior nuclei of the thalamus
42
What is in the diencephalon?
The thalamus and hypothalamus
43
What two parts of the thalamus will we be expected to know visually?
The Medial geniculate body and the lateral geniculate body
44
Is the tectum or tegmentum more dorsal?
The tectum
45
Is the pons or medulla more superior?
The pons
46
What are the important function of the two major tectum subdivisions?
Superior colliculus - Orienting/eye movements Inferior colliculus - auditory response
47
What are the roles of the tegmentum?
Motor, attention, ANS
48
What are important parts of the tegmentum?
cerebral aqueduct, substantia nigra, periaqueductal grey, red nucleus, reticular formation
49
What is the role of the pons?
Cortex to medulla connection
50
What is the role of the medulla
autonomic functions
51
What is the specialized tissue in the ventricles that secretes CSF?
The choroid plexus
52
What are the two important nerves in the CNS?
The olfactory and optic nerves (sensory only)
53
How many cranial nerves are there?
12
54
What subsection of the nervous system are the 10 cranial nerves we don't need to know from?
The PNS

Principles of Neurobiology 3350 (21 decks)

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