Visual system : Eye movements Flashcards

1
Q

What is Duction?

A

Eye movement in one eye

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2
Q

What is Version?

A

Simultaneous movement of both eyes in the same direction

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3
Q

What is Vergence?

A

Simultaneous movements of both eyes in opposite direction

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4
Q

What is convergence?

A

Simultaneous adduction movement in both eyes when viewing a near object

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5
Q

What is version when it is to the left?

To the right?

A
Left = Levoversion
Right = Dextoversion
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6
Q

What is Saccade?

A

Short fast burst of eye movement: (900/s)

can have multiple types e.g.

  • reflexive saccade to external stimuli
  • Scanning saccade
  • predictive saccade to track objects
  • memory guides saccade
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7
Q

What is smooth pursuit?

A

Sustained slow eye movement

driven by motion of a moving target across the retina (60/s)

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8
Q

What four straight muscles are there?

A

Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
Lateral rectus
Medial rectus

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9
Q

Where to all the eyes muscles except the inferior oblique come in from?

A

Out of a cone from the back of the orbit

  • Inferior oblique comes in nasally
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10
Q

What does the superior rectus do?

A

Moves eye up

attached at 12 oclock

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11
Q

What does the lateral rectus do?

A

Attaches on the temporal side of the eye

Moves the eye toward the outside of the head (towards temple)

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12
Q

What does the medial Rectus do?

A

Attaches to the nasal side of the eye

Moves the eye toward the middle of the head

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13
Q

What does the superior oblique do?

A

Attached high on the temporal side of the eye

Passed under the superior rectus

Moves eye in a diagonal pattern down and out

Travels through the trochlea

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14
Q

What does the inferior oblique do?

A

Attached low on the nasal side of the eye

Passed over the inferior rectus

Moves eye in a diagonal patter = up and out

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15
Q

What muscles does the superior branch of the oculomotor nerve innervate?

A

Superior branch:

  • Superior rectus
  • Levator palpebrae superioris
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16
Q

What muscles does the inferior branch of the oculomotor nerve innervate?

A
  • Inferior rectus
  • medial rectus
  • inferior oblique
  • parasympathetic nerve that constricts pupil
17
Q

What does the trochlear nerve innervate?

A

Superior oblique

18
Q

What does the abducens nerve innervate?

A

Lateral rectus

19
Q

How do we test the lateral rectus?

A

Abducted position

20
Q

How do we test the medial rectus?

A

Adducted position

21
Q

How do we test superior rectus?

A

Elevated and abducted position

22
Q

How do we test for the inferior rectus

A

depressed and abducted position

23
Q

How do we test for inferior oblique?

A

Elevated and adducted position

24
Q

How do we test for the superior oblique?

A

Depressed and adducted position

25
What does third nerve palsy look like?
Affected eye is down and out
26
What causes third nerve palsy (describe innervation)
(oculomotor not working) Droopy eyelid - loss of elevator palpebrae Unopposed superior oblique = so look down Unopposed lateral rectus action = out
27
What does sixth nerve palsy look like? (abducens)
Affected eye unable to abduct and deviates inwards. More apparent when px asked to abduct the affected eye
28
What makes 6th nerve palsy double vision worse?
gazing to the side of affected eye
29
What is Nystagmus?
Oscillatory eye movement
30
What is Optokinetic nystagmus
Smooth pursuit + fast phase reset saccade
31
What is the optokinetic nystagmus reflex?
in testing visual acuity in pre-verbal children by observing the presence of nystagmus movement in response to moving grating patterns of various spatial frequencies * watch video : the eye 'flickers' when watching changing symbols