visual & sensory Flashcards
define cataracts
cloudy lens.
gradual onset of painless blurry vision.
if left untreated, may end in blindness.
cataracts: risk factors
Older age
Eye trauma
Congenital risk
Diabetes
Corticosteroid use
Smoking and ETOH consumption
Cataract manifestations
Painless
Uni- or bilateral vision changes
Blurry
Halo around lights
Altered color perceptions
Glare issues at night
Decreased accommodation
treatment of cataracts
surgery
Diabetic retinopathy: nonproliferative retinopathy
Capillary microaneurysms, retinal swelling, hard exudate
Macular edema- plasma leaks from macular blood vessels
Capillaries rupture, leading to “dot or blot” hemorrhaging
Diabetic retinopathy: proliferative retinopathy
Advanced retinopathy
New blood vessels are fragile and leaky
hypertensive retinopathy
Etiology: high BP creates blockages in retinal blood vessels.
Initially there no vision changes
Sustained, severe HTN can cause sudden visual loss related swelling of the optic disc and nerve.
Normal vision is restore with treatment of the HTN
define detached retina
Retina has a tear or leak.
Vitreous humor flows behind the retina.
Rapid, progressive detachment from the choroid.
Usually spontaneous.
who is most likely to have a detached retina?
people who have myopia.
Over 40.
Traumas to the head: Eye tumors, Complication or history of cataract surgery
Clinical manifestations of detached retina
SUDDEN, unilateral vision loss
Painless
May see floaters
Flashes of light
myopia
nearsightedness
cant see far away
Age related macular degeneration
Most common cause of irreversible vision loss in people over 60 in the US
2 types of Age related macular degeneration
Dry (non-exudative)- most common, 90% of cases
Wet (exudative)- only 10%
etiology of Age related macular degeneration
retinal aging
risk factors of Age related macular degeneration
Family history, genetics, UV light, hyperopia, smoking, light-colored eyes
what food is protective for age related macular degeneration
Dark green, leafy vegetables