Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

TMTV final > Visual Perception > Flashcards

Visual Perception Flashcards

1
Q

what disease did Dr. P have?

A

Visual form agnosia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is visual form agnosia

A

able to describe objects in great detail but unable to recognize the objects when they are visually presented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the first stage of the perceptural process
internal or external to the subject?
examples?

A

stimulus/environment stimulus is the first stage of the perceptural prcoess and is external to the subject

ex. tree, car, bike

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the 2nd stage of the perceptual process

A

light is reflected from the stimulus and enters the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what happens to the stimulus in the 2nd stage is called the _____

A

principle of transformation

-the environmentla stimulus is transformed (or changed) in order to be perceieved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the 3rd stage of the perceptual process

A

the receptor process

light is converted to an electrical signal that propagates other retinal layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the principle of representation

A

the refelcted light is focused on the retina and therefore the environmental stimulus (external stim) is now represented internally to the subject

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

everything a person perceives is based not on direct contact w/ the stimulus but on the …..

A

representation of the stimulus on the receptors and on activity in the nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the 4th stage

A

neural processing
-signal generated by the photoreceptors is transmitted to and transformed by neurons (bipolar, ganglion, P, M, and K cells, simple and complex cells in the primary visual cortex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the 4th stage’s signal further processed by

A

neurons w/in the brain

-ex. ventral and dorsal stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

after the signal has been trasmitted and transformed by the neurons of the nervous system the next stages in perceptual prcoess take place, what are these called

A

behavorial responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

w.o _____ you cannot recognize or take actino after perception

A

knowledge or experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

perception => recognition => ____

A

action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the 3 behavorial responses

A
  1. perception which is conscious awareness of a stimulus
  2. recognition which is the categorization of the stimulus
  3. action which involves usually motor activities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when the stimulus is a tree…

  • the light is reflected, transformed, and focused on the ____
  • the ______ react to light and generate a signal
  • once the neurons process and transform this signal we. perceive an ____
  • we ____ the object as being a tree (categorize it)
  • we take _____
A
  • retina
  • photoreceptors
  • object
  • recognize
  • action
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where can knowledge be from

A
  1. knowledge is the info that a subject brings to any situation
  2. knowledge may have been acquired over many years or just recently
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the 2 types of perceptural processing

A
  1. bottom-up processing

2. top-down processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is bottom up processing also known as

A

aka data based processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is bottom up processing

A

says that the perception influences behavior
-based on the stimuls’ image that reaches the photoreceptors
-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the starting point of perception? why?

A

bottom-up processing

bc w/o photorecptor activation there is no perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is top down processing also known as

A

knowledge-based processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is top down processing based on

A

prior knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what does the top-down processing theory state

A

that perception is influenced by cognition

ex, wandering around at night

24
Q

where does bottom-up processing start at

A

the photoreceptors and propagates towards the brain

25
Q

where does top-down processing start at

A

starts at the brain and influences lower perceptual processes
ex. knowledge influences recognition

26
Q

how often does top-down processing get used in perception

A

for simple tasks and stimulus, usually bottom-up processing is sufficient

  • as the stimui get more and more complex, then top-down processing becomes the major player
    ex. perception of a scene is top down
27
Q

when it comes on perceiving objects we need to go beyond the retinal image as it is ____

A

ambiguous

28
Q

is the light and dark pattern that a scene creates on the retina enough to determine what’s out there?

A

nope

29
Q

once we know the object’s ___ and ____ it’s a simple problem to find the retinal image

A

size and geomtrey

30
Q

the perceptual system is not concerned on calculating the retinal image. what is it concerned on determing?

A

concerned on determining the real object for a given retinal image

31
Q

determining the real object for the given retinal image is known as what

A

inverse projection problem

32
Q

can computers solve the inverse projection problem? why/why not?

A

no. they can’t separate objects w/ the same visual angle

33
Q

why is the perceptual system able to recognize objects that are not in focus

A

based on prior knowledge of these objects

34
Q

the perceptual system is able to differentiate objects that share the same retinal image, recognize blurred or hidden objects, and perceive as the same, objects that are viewed from diff viewpoints. how is this achieved

A

perceptual organization

35
Q

what are the 2 different mechanisms that perceptual organiziaiton has

A
  1. grouping

2. segregation

36
Q

what is grouping

A

the ability of the perceptual system to ‘put together’ visual events
ex. when you are looking at indiv windows you can put them together to form a buildig

37
Q

what is segregation

A

the ability to distinguish objects from other objects

ex. when you look at boston’s skyline, you can tell one building is diff from the other

38
Q

are grouping and segregation together or separate?

A

they work together

39
Q

what does gestalt mean

A

whole or complete

  • looks at the big picture, not indiv parts
  • laws for gropuing and segregation are used
40
Q

what are gestalt’s grouping principles

A 
simplicity 
similiarity 
proximity
continuity
common fate
closure 
connectedness
41
Q

what is the principle of simplicity also known as

A

principle of good figure or pragnanz

42
Q

what is the principle of simplicity

A

fundatmental principle of gestalt psych
-every stimulus is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible
OR
-reality is organized or reduced to the simplest form possible

43
Q

what is the principle of similarity

A

grouping objects that are similar

ex. rows of red and blue
- principle applies to grouping bc of similiar color, shape, size or orientation

44
Q

what is the principle of proximity

A

things that are near each other appear to be grouped together
ex. one row of stars vs 3 groups of 2 stars each

45
Q

what is the principle of continuity

A

we tend to see complex stimuli as being composed of smooth, continuous patterns that overlap
-lines tend to be seen in such a way as to follow the smoothest path

46
Q

what is the principle of common fate

A

thigns that move in the same direction appear to be grouped together
ex. flock of birds as a whole and not as a hundred of indiv. birds

47
Q

what is the principle of closure

A

things that are w/in the same region or space appear to be grouped together

48
Q

what principle does the principle of closure override

A

principle of proximity

49
Q

what is the principle of connectedness

A

a connected region of the same visual properties (ex. color, brightness, texture or motion) is perceived as a single unit

50
Q

what principle does the principle of connectedness overpower

A

principle of proximity

51
Q

the grouping principles tell us that we create perceptions of objects based on ____

A

assumptions

52
Q

assumptions are _____ and are so obvious bc we have experience

A

unconscious

53
Q

the assumptions are nothing less than the …

A

basic operating principles of our perceptual system

54
Q

what is the segregation problem referred to

A

the ground-figure segregation

bc what we perceive as an object usually stands from its background

55
Q

what is border ownership

A

the border separating the figure from the ground belongs to the figure

TMTV final (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions