Visual Information Processing

Question 1

what is memory coordinated by

Answer 1

prefrontal crotex

Question 2

what are the 2 streams categorzied by the visual info

Answer 2

ventral stream: what stream: temporal stream

dorsal stream: where stream: parietal stream

Question 3

what is the stream that processing info for object identificaiton and recognition

Answer 3

ventral stream

Question 4

where does the ventral stream receive strong input from

Answer 4

parvocellular pathway

Question 5

which stream processing info for motion perception, localization and action

Answer 5

dorsal stream

Question 6

where does the dorsal stream receive strong input from

Answer 6

magnocelluar pathway

Question 7

does info flow only in one direction? ex. from visual cortex to higher brain structures)

Answer 7

no
theres feed forward distr of visual info but theres also feedback from higher cortical areas to lower areas (top-down prcoessing)

Question 8

the specialization of different cortical areas to diff aspects of visual information is known as…

Answer 8

cortical modularity

Question 9

what are the techniques that cortical modularity can be studied by

Answer 9

positron emission tomography (PET)
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Question 10

what is the removal of a small brain tissue from a specific location to see if it compromises the perception of visual aspect

Answer 10

brain ablation

Question 11

what is the binding problem

Answer 11

the brain has to put all this processed info together so we perceive the scene

Question 12

waht are the 2 methods used to prove that there is a rel’n btwn physiology and perception

Answer 12

selective adaptation

selective rearing

Question 13

we have seen____ when we showed that adaptation to gratings causes a reduction in our sensitivity

Answer 13

selective adaptation
-this exmaple proves that physio-perception rel’n does exist and that physio and feature detectors can explain perception

Question 14

what is selective rearing

Answer 14

studies that were done in animals that were reared in a control environement
-evironment can consist of only horiz or vert lines

Question 15

what is the way that the neurons changed according to the environment that the kittens were reared called

Answer 15

neural plasticity or experience-dependent plascitiy

Question 16

up the _____ the feature detectors were detectors for perceiving horiz and vert lines, lines that move toward one direction and not other

Answer 16

primary visual cortex

Question 17

what is face fusiform area

Answer 17

found in the 90s, an area in the temporal lobe that responded strongly to faces
part of the IT cortex that Gross studied

Question 18

how do you recognize a face (3 steps)

Answer 18

1. you need to recognize the object as a face
2. you need to detect certain features on the face
3. you need to remember that this face is osmeboyd you know for example

Question 19

there is a brain area that processes the face as a whole image and then separate brain that process specific features of the face

Answer 19

FFA is first-not prone to orientation-processes the img in a holistic way
occipital face area (OFA) and superior temporal sulcus (STS) are more specific face features

Question 20

what is the the medical condition wehre you cannot recognize faces “face blind

Answer 20

prosopagnosia

• can resutl from damage to one of the areas responsbile for face recog (FFA, OFA, STS)
• aquired but can be congenital

Question 21

what did underleider and mishkin (1982) use to study different parts of the brain

Answer 21

double dissociation: when there are 2 subjects taht perform 2 tasks
ex recognition task and localization task
ablanation in diff locations in the brain

Question 22

what did ablation in the temporal cortex compromise

what did ablation of the parietl cortex compromise

Answer 22

temporal: discrimination tasks
parietal: localiaztion task

Question 23

who were the first to talk about the 2 stream hyotheseis

Answer 23

ungerleider and mishkin

Question 24

milner and goodale suggested that the dorsal pathway is not only processing “where’ info but proceses also…

Answer 24

how info

dorsal pathway is WHERE AND HOW

Question 25

what does teh parahippocampal place area (PPA) avtivated by

Answer 25

activated by images that depict indoor and outdoor scenes

Question 26

what lobe is the PPA a part of

Answer 26

temporal lobe

Question 27

what is the area is activated by images of bodies and parts of bodies
-doesnt respond to faces but only to other parts of the body

Answer 27

extrastriate body area (EBA)

Question 28

what lobe is the EBA a part of

Answer 28

temporal and occipital lobes

Question 29

waht is the medial temporal lobe wehre the hippocampus located speciliaze in

Answer 29

memory

Question 30

what did quiroga conclude

Answer 30

the hippocampus is not responsible for recognzing objects (pts w/o hipp cound still rec) but is responsible for REMEMBERING objects
-depends on past experience