Visual Perception Flashcards
What is visual perception?
The process of becoming consciously aware of visual stimuli as a result of the interaction between the visual sensors systems and their external environments
3 groups of visual perception
- Biological factors
- Psychological factors
- Social factors
Biological factors (2)
Monocular depth cues
Binocular depth cues
What does monocular and binocular depth cues mean
monocular= using one eye
binocular= using both/two eyes
Depth cues= converting the 2D image our eyes see and converting into 3D
Type of monocular depth cue (1)
Accommodation
What is monocular depth cue, accommodation and what does each entail?
Accommodation is the ability of the ciliary (sill-ee-air-ee) muscle to determine depth and distance
Close to object= bulge
Far from object= flattens
What is the binocular depth cue of Convergence
Convergence is the ability for the eyes to turn inwards to remain focus on an object as it get closer to the face
The closer the eyes to each other= the closer the object
What is the binocular depth cue of Retinal disparity
Retinal disparity is the difference between the images received by the left and right eye as they are 6-7 cm apart
What are the psychological factors of visual perception (3)
- Perceptual set
- Perceptual consistency
- Gesalt principles
In visual perception what is the Perceptual set
The tendency to view stimulus in a certain way due to 4 criteria
In visual perception what is the Perceptual set 4 criteria
- Past experience
- Memory
- Motivation
- Context
Types of attention
Sustained
Divided
Selective
Types of attention
Sustained
Divided
Selective
Definition of attention
Attention is defined as the level of awareness directed towards certain stimuli to the exclusion of others
Sustained attention + example
Maintaining a high degree of attention over a prolonged period
Learning a new skill/thing
Selective attention + example
The ability to focus our attention on a single activity whilst staying consciously aware of other stimuli
The cocktail party effect
Divided attention + example
Distributing one’s attention to allow to allow for processing of two or more stimuli at one time, these stimuli must require little effort
Listening to music and exercising
The cocktail party effect
The cocktail party effect is a classic example of selective attention and is the ability to focus on one conversation whilst in a crowded, busy and/or loud environment, for example a cocktail party.
Two types of processing
Top- down processing
Bottom- up processing
Top- down processing
Making assumptions by drawing on past experiences to interpret stimuli then adjusting according to expectations leading to a perception being made
Bottom-up processing
Analyzing the specific features or elements of a stimulus the creating a whole picture from those elements and creating a perception
Biological factors influencing visual perception (2)
Binocular depth cues
Monocular depth cues
Definition of Binocular depth cues
Binocular depth cues require both eyes to send information to the brain to perceive depth
Binocular depth cues (2)
Convergence
Retinal disparity
