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Psychology > Visual Perception > Flashcards

Visual Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

What is visual perception?

A

The process of becoming consciously aware of visual stimuli as a result of the interaction between the visual sensors systems and their external environments

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2
Q

3 groups of visual perception

A
  1. Biological factors
  2. Psychological factors
  3. Social factors
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3
Q

Biological factors (2)

A

Monocular depth cues
Binocular depth cues

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4
Q

What does monocular and binocular depth cues mean

A

monocular= using one eye
binocular= using both/two eyes
Depth cues= converting the 2D image our eyes see and converting into 3D

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5
Q

Type of monocular depth cue (1)

A

Accommodation

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6
Q

What is monocular depth cue, accommodation and what does each entail?

A

Accommodation is the ability of the ciliary (sill-ee-air-ee) muscle to determine depth and distance
Close to object= bulge
Far from object= flattens

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7
Q

What is the binocular depth cue of Convergence

A

Convergence is the ability for the eyes to turn inwards to remain focus on an object as it get closer to the face
The closer the eyes to each other= the closer the object

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8
Q

What is the binocular depth cue of Retinal disparity

A

Retinal disparity is the difference between the images received by the left and right eye as they are 6-7 cm apart

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9
Q

What are the psychological factors of visual perception (3)

A
  1. Perceptual set
  2. Perceptual consistency
  3. Gesalt principles
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10
Q

In visual perception what is the Perceptual set

A

The tendency to view stimulus in a certain way due to 4 criteria

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11
Q

In visual perception what is the Perceptual set 4 criteria

A
  1. Past experience
  2. Memory
  3. Motivation
  4. Context
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12
Q

Types of attention

A

Sustained
Divided
Selective

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13
Q

Types of attention

A

Sustained
Divided
Selective

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14
Q

Definition of attention

A

Attention is defined as the level of awareness directed towards certain stimuli to the exclusion of others

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15
Q

Sustained attention + example

A

Maintaining a high degree of attention over a prolonged period
Learning a new skill/thing

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16
Q

Selective attention + example

A

The ability to focus our attention on a single activity whilst staying consciously aware of other stimuli
The cocktail party effect

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17
Q

Divided attention + example

A

Distributing one’s attention to allow to allow for processing of two or more stimuli at one time, these stimuli must require little effort
Listening to music and exercising

18
Q

The cocktail party effect

A

The cocktail party effect is a classic example of selective attention and is the ability to focus on one conversation whilst in a crowded, busy and/or loud environment, for example a cocktail party.

19
Q

Two types of processing

A

Top- down processing
Bottom- up processing

20
Q

Top- down processing

A

Making assumptions by drawing on past experiences to interpret stimuli then adjusting according to expectations leading to a perception being made

21
Q

Bottom-up processing

A

Analyzing the specific features or elements of a stimulus the creating a whole picture from those elements and creating a perception

22
Q

Biological factors influencing visual perception (2)

A

Binocular depth cues
Monocular depth cues

23
Q

Definition of Binocular depth cues

A

Binocular depth cues require both eyes to send information to the brain to perceive depth

24
Q

Binocular depth cues (2)

A

Convergence
Retinal disparity

25
Q

Convergence definition

A

The inward turning of the eyes which is detected by the brain as tension changes in the muscles surrounding the eyes (ciliary muscles)

26
Q

Retinal disparity

A

The brain detecting similarities and differences between the information being sent from each eye, due to our eyes being 6-7cm apart

27
Q

Monocular depth cue definition

A

Any processing that requires only one eye to send information to the brain to perceive depth

28
Q

Monocular depth cues (1)

A

Accommodation

29
Q

Accommodation definitions

A

The ability of the eye to change focus from near to distant objects and back again. This process involves the lens of the eyes bulging (ciliary contracts) when focusing on a nearby objects and the lens flattening (ciliary relaxed) when focusing on faraway objects.

30
Q

Psychological factors (2)

A

Perceptual set
Perceptual constancy

31
Q

Perceptual set (4)

A

Past experiences
Memory
Motivation
Context

32
Q

Past experience in perceptual set

A

The situations and events we have encountered throughout our lives prior to the present

33
Q

Memory in perceptual set

A

The systems that actively receives, organizes, stores and recovers information shaped by the experiences of the world

34
Q

Memory in perceptual set

A

The systems that actively receives, organizes, stores and recovers information shaped by the experiences of the world

35
Q

Motivation in perceptual set

A

The ability to perceive certain stimuli that aligns with our specific goal

36
Q

Context in perceptual set

A

The situation or conditions in which something occurs, missile/ shooting star example

37
Q

Perceptual constancy (3)

A

Size constancy
Shape constancy
Orientation constancy

38
Q

Gestalt principles (4)

A

Figure-ground
Closure
Similarity
Proximity

39
Q

Figure- ground

A

The tendency to perceive part of the visual stimulus as more relevant (the figure) from the less relevant surroundings (the ground)

40
Q

Closure

A

Our ability to close up, fill in or ignore gaps in visual stimuli and perceive objects as a meaningful whole

41
Q

Similarity

A

Holds that we tend to p

42
Q

Similarity

A

Holds that we tend to p

Psychology (3 decks)

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