Visual- Motor

Question 1

Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test (Bender, 1938)

Answer 1

• The Bender Gestalt Test, or the Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test, is a psychological assessment instrument used to evaluate visual-motor functioning and visual perception skills in both children and adults.
• The Bender Gestalt Test is used to evaluate visual maturity, visual motor integration skills, style of responding, reaction to frustration, ability to correct mistakes, planning and organizational skills, and motivation. Copying figures requires fine motor skills, the ability to discriminate between visual stimuli, the capacity to integrate visual skills with motor skills, and the ability to shift attention from the original design to what is being drawn.
• Children: screen for visual perceptual problems such as LS, gives quantitative age appropriate scores (Watkins) and gives qualitative visual perception skills

Question 2

Watkins scoring of Bender (1976)

Answer 2

 Ages 5-14
 R = .87-.92 Reliability: .95
 V = adequate Validity .77

Question 3

Lacks (1983) scoring of Bender

Answer 3

 used for ages 18-65+

 test retest reliability .57-.79; validity =.77

Question 4

Pros of Bender

Answer 4

• Asesses visual motor integration
• Good as rapport builder because it is perceived as straightforward and non threatening
• Serves as a screener for neurological dysfunction, can alert to gross impairments
• Gives info about fine motor skills
• Can screen for visual perceptual problems using the Watkins (1976) scoring
• Fast and easy admin
• Extensive research
• Gives qualitative age appropriate scores and qualitative visual perceptual skills

Question 5

Cons of Bender

Answer 5

• There is an absence of commonly accepted and verified scoring and interpretation system
• It is not sensitive to subtle neuropsych deficits
• Results alone are not sufficient enough to make differential dx between brain damage and emotional disturbance, as many indicators for brain damage are also indicators for emotional disturbance

Question 6

Beery VMI 6 (Beery, Buktenica, and Beery 2010)

Answer 6

• The Beery VMI measures the extent to which individuals can integrate their visual and motor abilities. It is commonly used to identify children who are having significant difficulty with visual-motor integration and to determine the most appropriate course of action. The Beery VMI is suitable for respondents with diverse environmental, educational, and linguistic backgrounds. Additionally, the test can be used as an outcome measure to assess the effectiveness of education and intervention programs.
• Ages: 2-100