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Neurobiology > Visual flashcards M1 > Flashcards

Visual flashcards M1

1
Q

Arachnoid granulations

A

Drain CSF into venous sinuses

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2
Q

Sulcus, gyrus, fissure

A

Sulcus is groove inwards
Gyrus is bump
Fissure separates large brain regions

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3
Q

What separates the occipital and parietal lobe, the cerebrum from cerebellum and parietal lobe and frontal lobe?

A

image

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4
Q

What is the transverse fissure?

A

Separates cerebrum from cerebellum

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5
Q

What is the lateral sulcus?

A

Separates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal

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6
Q

What is the conus medullaris?

A

Bottom of spinal cord

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7
Q

What is the filum terminale?

A

Extends from conus medullaris to posterior surface of coccyx

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8
Q

What is the cauda equina?

A

Grows due to disproportionate growth of spinal cord vs vertberal column

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9
Q

Anatomy of transverse section of spinal cord

A

Dorsal does afferent info
Ventral does efferent info

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10
Q

Lesions and damage to dorsal and ventral horns result in what?

A

Left ventral = paralysis right side
Right dorsal = sensory loss left side

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11
Q

Layers of meninges in brain

A

Venous sinuses between periosteal and meningeal dura mater

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12
Q

What and where are the falx cerebri, falx cerebelli and tentorium cerebelli

A

Falx cerebri for cerebrum
Falx cerebelli for cerebellum
Tentorium cerebelli covers over cerebellum and separates the 2

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13
Q

What is the subarachnoid space?

A
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14
Q

Where is the superior sagittal sinus?

A

Joins transverse sinus
Arachnoid villi drain CSF into superior sagittal sinus

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15
Q

Where is the inferior sagittal sinus?

A

Joins straight sinus

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16
Q

Where is the straight sinus?

A

Within tentorium cerebelli
Joins left transverse sinus

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17
Q

Where is the transverse sinus?

A

Continuous with straight sinus

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18
Q

Where do sinuses join?

A

Confluens

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19
Q

Where is the sigmoid sinus?

A

Forward continuation of transverse sinus
Opens into internal jugular vein

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20
Q

Where is the cavernous sinus?

A

Lateral to pituitary gland
Drains into sup. and inf. petrosal sinuses

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21
Q

Where does the cavernous sinus drain into?

A

Transverse sinus (superior petrosal) and internal jugular vein (inferior petrosal)

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22
Q

Name the sinuses

A

There are 6
Sup. sagittal
Inf. sagittal
Straight
Transverse
Sigmoid
Cavernous

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23
Q

What does brocas area consist of?

A

Opercular
Triangular
Orbital inferior to the two

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24
Q

What are the different parts of the frontal lobe?

A
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25
Q

How is the body mapped in the primary motor cortex?

A
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26
Q

Where is thr cingulate gyrus and supplementary motor areas?

A
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27
Q

What are the 3 gyri of the parietal lobe?

A
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28
Q

What separates the sup. and inf. lobules of the parietal lobe?

A

Intraparietal sulcus

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29
Q

How is the body mapped in the somatosensory cortex?

A

Post-central gyrus

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30
Q

Where is the visual association cortex? What sulcus divides it?

A
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31
Q

What are the 3 superficial gyri of the temporal lobe? What sulci divides them?

A
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32
Q

What are the structures that make up the under/ventral surface of the temporal lobe?

A

2 gyri, 3 sulci

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33
Q

What are the noteable structures on the under side of the brain?

A
34
Q

Where is the fornix and septum pellucidum?

A
35
Q

Where is Wernickes area?

A
36
Q

Where are the 4 main cisterns in the skull?

A
37
Q

What are the layers of the meninges in the spinal cord?

A
38
Q

Where is the denticulate ligament?

A
39
Q

From an anterior view, what does the ventricular system look like?

A
40
Q

Where are the apertures and communication systems of the ventricular system?

A
41
Q

Where is CSF generated?

A

Choroid plexus in inferior horn and body

42
Q

Where is the 3rd ventricle?

A

Between the thalamus on either side

43
Q

Where is the 4th ventricle and what are its boundaries?

A
44
Q

What are the 8 steps/stages of CSF flow around the skull?

A
45
Q

What is the direction of bloodflow from heart to the brain?

A
46
Q

What are the 3 main cerebral arteries?

A
47
Q

The circle of willis and its purpose?

A

To maintain blood supply to brain even if there is a blockage

48
Q

Where does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

A

Medial aspect of hemisphere and posterior 1/3

49
Q

What does the middle cerebral artery supply?

A

Almost all lateral surfaces of cerebral hemispheres

50
Q

What does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

A

Medial aspect of hemisphere and anterior 2/3

51
Q

What is the map of the motor cortex?

A
52
Q

Where is the corpus callosum and what are the 4 parts of it called?

A
53
Q

What are the names for the different combinations of the basal ganglia?

A
54
Q

What is the anatomy of the basal ganglia

A
55
Q

Model of caudate nucleus, thalamus and lentiform nucleus

A
56
Q

Coronal section showing basal ganglia component

A
57
Q

Parts of diencephalon

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

58
Q

What do the sup., middle and inf. peduncles do?

A

Help to anchor cerebrum to brainstem
Cranial nerves III and IV

59
Q

Anatomy of the colliculi

A
60
Q

How to distinguish between sup. and inf. colliculi

A

Superior for eyes and eye movement
Inferior for hearing

61
Q

Substantia nigra, red nucleus,

A

Red nucleus is a relay station

62
Q

What is contained in the pons?

A

Rythmic breathing

63
Q

What is contained in the medulla?

A

Pyramid and pyramidal decussation

64
Q

Overall view of entire brainstem

A
65
Q

Where are the olives?

A

Relay info to cerebellum

66
Q

Fasciculus gracilis vs cuneatus

A

Gracilis info from lower limb
Cuneatus info from upper limb

67
Q

Where are all 12 cranial nerves on the brainstem?

A
68
Q

Structures here

A

A = Body of caudate nucleus
B = Putamen of lentiform nucleus
C = Hippocampus
D = Parahippocampal gyrus

69
Q

Structures here p2

A

A = Mammillary body for recognition and olfaction
B = Right optic nerve
C = Hypophyseal
D = Pyramid

70
Q

What are the nerves here?

A

A = Trigeminal
B = Abducens
C = Accessory

71
Q

What are the nerves here?

A

A = Hypoglossal nerve
B = Facial nerve
C = Vestibulocochlear nerve

72
Q

Where are the cerebellar peduncles?

A
73
Q

Cerebellar peduncles as seen in cerebellum

A
74
Q

Basic anatomy of cerebellum

A
75
Q

How are cerebellar circuits interconnected?

A

Purkinje innervated by climbing fibre
Granule and parallel innervated by mossy fibres
Parallel can reach to purkinje

76
Q

Histology of layers of cells in cerebellum

A
77
Q

Where is the flocular lobe and what does it consist of?

A
78
Q

What are the divisions of the cerebellum?

A

FNL for balance
Ant. and Post. lobes for movement co ordination

79
Q

Where are the 3/4 deep cerebellar nuclei?

A

Globose and emobiliform = interposed nucleus
Vermis projects to fastigial nucleus
Dentate is largest

80
Q

What are the 3+1 saggital functional zones?

A

Vermis = spinocerebellum div.
Intermediate zone = spinocerebellum div
Lateral zone = Cerebrocerebellum div.
FNL = vestibulocerebellum

81
Q

List the structures present here

A

A = Anterior horn of lateral ventricle
B = Corpus callosum
C = Insular cortex
D = Globus pallidus
E = Pineal gland

82
Q

What are the structures labelled here?

A

A = Interpeduncular fossa
B = 3rd ventricle
C = Hippocampus
D = Anterior horn of lateral ventricle
E = Septum pellucidum

Neurobiology (3 decks)

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