Visual Communication Flashcards
What is Denotation?
Denotation is used to describe the primary literal meaning of an image.
What is Connotation?
Connotation refers to the range of secondary meaning, either intended or unintended.
What are elements made up of?
Images, words, colors, and graphics
What do different mediums achieve?
They tell different stories that speak to different audiences
Photos are ____ while illustrations are more_____
Objective and Subjective
What is one way to change the meaning of an image?
Retract certain elements
What does composition do?
It organizes multiple elements to tell stories.
Doing what to an image can become an ethical problem?
Cropping to direct the meaning
What is a common strategy for design movements?
Breaking cultural codes to provoke thought.
Putting together elements in the correct way for the correct person or group can create a ________
Style
How many headings should a magazine typically have?
Three
What three things should be completed first when creating a magazine?
The grid, visual hierarchy and the content
What is “intellectual property? “
Something new and unique that you have created
What is the purpose of a “trade mark”?
To protect the things you create
What is the purpose of “WIPO”?
It keeps track of trademarks and IPs to make sure different countries respect the regulations.
True or false: It is possible to copyright generic concepts like a movie plot about big robots
False
What is considered as “fair use”?
Educational works are often fine, but there is no 100 % guarantee. Published photos can be used if the creator is referenced in your work. Very much open to interpretation.
What are always time regulated and have to be shared after the patents run out?
A Patent
What is being a “Patent troll”?
Claiming patents for things that never get produced.
What does TM stand for?
Unregistered Trademark.
What is an example of “proprietary eponym?”
A trademark that gets used in the world for generic things to such an extent that the trademark is taken away for the company. Example: (“Walkman” or for cars “Jeep”)
The most common forms of information organization is:
Via: LATCH Location Alphabet Time Category Hierarchy
How can typography be used to make information more accessible?
Through type size, what font family to use, which language you write in.
What is a description of what an infographic is?
An infographic is a stylized representation of reality
True or False: With digital printing, pages will be printed all together and not individually
False
What should the bleed for all pages be when printing digitally?
3 - 5 mm
Yes or no: Should there be bleed on the insides of the pages in the middle?
No
What type of printing requires you to have a separate design for the spine?
Glued Spines
When printing, all images should be at least ______ ppi?
300
If an image is at 72ppi, it will be shrunk to 1/4, 1/2, or 1/3 of its original size when changed to 300ppi?
1/3
What should be done to all logos, and large headers before printing?
They should be converted to outlines
What file type can NOT be trusted when it comes to printing?
True Type or .ttf
What file format is good at keeping vector information?
EPS
What file type is preferred for print?
Open Type or .otf
What is the task of a communication designer?
It is to configure how things look, sound, or move in ways that compete effectively for human attention in an environment of information overload and be consistent with the essential nature or goal of communication.
What is “Figure-Ground”?
Figure-ground refers to our ability to separate elements, based on contrast, into an object and a background.
What is “Figure-ground reversal”?
Figure-ground reversal occurs when two shapes share the same edge and we switch our attention from one shape to the other.
What is contrast?
Contrast is established by difference; there is no contrast unless there are at least two things to compare, even if one of those things is simply the background on which the other sits.
What is scale?
It is a proportional relationship between the size of something and the size of other things. We often make sense of the world around us, both consciously and unconsciously, by testing how things size up to human form. Unexpected scale relationships are effective in gaining attention for environmental applications.
What is one of the ways that work differs between professionals and amateurs?
Sensitivity to the proportional relationship among elements
What part does layering play in design?
Layering creates the illusion of depth in the two-dimensional picture plane, literally and metaphorically. Overlapping forms, illusions of transparency, sizes of elements and locations within the picture plane creates the perception of layers.
What is a pattern in design?
A pattern is a recurring set of objects, elements, or events, repeated at regular intervals.
What is the purpose of an infographic?
An infographic are Pictures created to give a graphical overview of statistics, facts, diagrams and time axes.
The purpose is to present complex information giving the viewer a clear and fast overview of the subject.
Elements are arranged in ________, interpreted through________ and create a ________.
Compositions
Codes
Style
Text can do three things:
Label
Expand
Raise questions
The meaning of a message depends on four things:
Order
Hierarchy of importance
Relationship
Contrast
Law of Similarity:
Objects tend to be grouped together if they are similar
Law of Good Figure:
Objects grouped together tend to be perceived as a single figure. Tendency to simplify.
Law of Closure:
Visual Connection or continuity between sets of elements that do not actually touch each other in a composition
Law of Proximity:
Objects tend to be grouped together if they are close to each other
Law of Continuation
When there is an intersection between two or more objects, people tend to perceive each object as a single uninterrupted object
Law of Symmetry
The object tends to be perceived as symmetrical shapes that form around their center
What is “cultural code” in design?
There is a code of visual communication that shapes our interpretative experience. Culture determines these conventions for reading visual form.
Conformity with cultural codes reduces the audience effort required to interpret the meaning of a message.
Breaking the rules or undermining the accepted code is a typical strategy for design movements that challenge the status queue.
What is “aesthetics”?
They are a set of principles concerned with nature and appreciation of beauty, as well as a branch of philosophy
What is “style”?
A style is a distinctive form or way of presenting something that is characteristic of a time, place, or philosophy.
There’s a difference between imitating the style and referencing style.
A good logo should be four things:
DATS a good logo bro
Distinctive (not generic)
Appropriate (not random)
Timeless (not temporary)
Simple and memorable (not complicated)
A _________ is the route the message travels to its intended audience.
Channel
________ are “action possibilities” present in objects or the environment.
Affordances
In design, the 4 primary communication channels are:
Visual
Auditory
Written
Electronic
What is a “medium” in design?
A medium is a mode or system of communication that extends our ability to exchange meaning..
