Introduction To Graphic Design Flashcards
Using the kerning tables that are built into the typeface is called…
Metric Kerning
Unintended spaces in the forming of words or sentences is called…
Bad Kerning
What is adjusting the space between two individual letters called?
Kerning
What type of typography is subtle and doesn’t draw attention to itself?
Invisible & Silent Typography
What do you call type for images that are a more expressive art form with different rules?
Visible & Narrative Typography
Name the 8 font families:
1) Italic 2) Condensed 3) Extended 4) Thin 5) Light 6) Regular 7) Bold 8) Heavy
What typeface is good for wedding invitations?
Script Type
What type of san serif is good for combinations with other typefaces?
Slab Serifs
What is a grotesque/gothic typeface that is good for diversity and branding?
San Serif Typeface
What typeface was developed because of technical limitations?
Transitional Typefaces (New Times Roman)
What type of style are the font types “Garamond” and “Huflar Text”?
Old Style or Humanist
What file format works best with both print or digital?
Open Type (.otf)
What file format can you trust to work really well digitally?
True Type (.ttf)
What is an older file format that works well for print?
Post Script (.pfd .pfm .afm)
What type of kerning is executed automatically by the layout program?
Optical Kerning
What type of kerning creates rhythm and consistency between letters manually?
Manual Kerning
What is tracking or letter spacing?
Adjusting the overall spacing of a group of letters
Adjusting the space between the lines of text is called:
Leading
How many characters that can fit into one line is called:
Line Length (optimal 35 - 60 characters)
What is the proper spacing between columns called?
Gutter
What is used to join words and to separate syllables of a single word?
Hyphen
What is used to connect two items (usually numbers) that designate a range?
En Dash
What is used in places where a set of parentheses or a colon might otherwise be used?
Em Dash
What breaks space or time into regular units and establishes a system for arranging content within the space of the page, screen, or built environment?
A Grid System
Who was the founder of modern Typography?
Jan Tschichold
Who did a lot of math-based design and calculated everything he did?
Josef Muller-Brockmann
Who was one of the first designers to do away with grids to create unmatched complex and flexible variations?
Karl Gerstner
What type of grid provides you with sections on a page for a guideline?
Modular Grid
What units of measurement provide contrast and dynamic asymmetrical balance?
Thirds
Who is considered the father of graphic design?
Johannes Gutenberg
What machine was significant for the 19th Century Industrial revolution?
Linotype Machine
What movement was a reaction to the eclectic products of the industrial revolution and advocated for handmade objects and personal style?
Arts & Crafts Movement (1880-1910)
What style is recognized by its irregular organic shapes and ornamentations inspired by nature and the human body?
Art Nouveau (1890 - 1910)
What style came about from the taste of ornamentation, decoration and fashion changing?
Modernism (1900 - 1970)
What art style paused innovative graphic design and replaced it with propaganda?
Cubism (1907 - 1914)
What art style was characterized as “anti-art” that could not be understood?
Dadaism (1916-1923)
What is an art style that was viewed as effective, intentional, clean, direct and only used three colors?
Constructivism (1919-1930)
What art style is simple beauty that everyone can appreciate and was mostly created by fine artists from the Netherlands?
Dee Stijl (1917-1931)
Name the art school in Germany that was famous for the approach to design it publicized and taught:
Bauhaus (1919-1933)
What professor at Bauhaus had a focus on photography and established the “School of Design” in Chicago?
Laszlo Moholy Nagy
What modernist movement allowed purely decorative design?
Art Deco (1925-1939)
What years did the creative revolution take place?
1950-1970
Who is considered the most famous graphic designer from the creative revolution?
Paul Rand
What style of art are designs created from existing products or items?
Pop Art (1955-1980)
What art style developed from people who were sick of the rules?
Psychedelia (1958-1975)
What art style rebels against the idea of fixed values and objective truth?
Post Modernism (1970-2000)
What is the most obvious characteristic of color called?
Hue
Saturation is what?
The purity of a color
The lightness or darkness of a color is determined by what?
It’s value
CMYK: Meaning and Use
Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key (FOR PRINT)
RGB: Meaning and use
Red, Green, Blue (DIGITAL)
What color model does the color wheel use?
RYB color model
What is the RGB mixture for yellow?
255
255
0
What is the RGB mixture for Magenta?
255
0
255
What is the RGB color mixture for Cyan?
0
255
255
What is the hex code for white?
FFFFFF
What is the hex code for Black?
000000
What is the hex code for red?
FF0000
What is the hex code for Green?
00FF00
What is the hex code for Blue?
0000FF
CMYK are mixed on a scale from __ to ___
1 to 100
RGB colors are mixed on a scale from ____ to ____
0 to 255
What is any flat color (pantone or printed) that isn’t made up of CMYK?
Spot Color
What refers to the visual structure and organization of elements within design?
Composition
Elements and objects that are perceived as having a relationship when grouped together is called:
Law of Proximity
Elements and objects that share visual characteristics are perceived as belonging together is what?
The law of Similarity
Objects are perceived as being whole even when they are not complete is called:
The law of Closure
The relationship between an object and its surroundings is called:
Figure/Ground
A special number approximately equal to 1.618 that appears many times in mathematics, geometry, art, architecture is called:
The golden ratio
List the number sequence for Fibonacci Sequence.
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34
What are 5 aspects of Gutenburg’s Diagram
Primary Optical Area (headline)
Strong Fallow Area
Axis of Orientation
Weak Fallow Area (Weak information)
Terminal Area (Dead point)
What is the point of physical or attentional entry into a design called?
Entry Point
What is the most common form of printing combined with digital printing that is based on the principle that water and oil do not mix?
Offset Lithography
What is it called when digitally produced printing plates are treated chemically so that the image/text will accept ink and reject water?
Pre-Press
What is the surface accepting ink called?
Hydrophobic (Print Surface)
What is the surface accepting water called?
Hydrophilic (Non-print Surface)
What is the process of a plate picking up ink from ink rollers, and transferring its image to a rubber offset cylinder that prints the image on the paper called?
A Press Run
LPI stands for:
Lines per inch
Best image quality in printing is achieved when the resolution of the image is _____ __ ______ as the lines per inch it should be printed in.
Twice as high.
What truly determines the size of an image?
The number of pixels
What type of printing reproduces documents through a process of toner-based electro-photography?
Digital Printing
List the characteristics of Offset Printing:
- Uses printing plates
- Used for large quantities
- Low unit price
- High startup cost
- 4-color + Pantone colors
- Large selection of paper
List the characteristics of Digital Printing:
- Advanced laser printer
- For smaller editions
- Faster delivery
- Good for variable data
- 4-color print only
A folded and trimmed imposition is called a:
Signature
When pages are not printed together they are called:
False Spreads
What refers to how much text or image on the overleaf page can be masked?
Opacity
What is an operation that facilities the folding operation?
Creasing
What year was the Linotype machine invented?
1884
What is the time period for the Arts and Crafts movement?
1880 - 1910
What is the time period for the Art Nouveau movement?
1890 - 1910
What time period was the modernism movement?
1900-1970
What time period was Bauhaus?
1919 - 1933
What time period was Functionalism?
1920 - 1940
What time period was the Art Deco movement?
1925 - 1939
What is the CMYK mixture for blue?
100/100/0/0
What is the CMYK mixture for green?
100/0/100/0
What is the CMYK mixture for red?
0/100/100/0
Denotation is…
The explicit or direct meaning of something or what is actually written or pictured. In this case, the actual color
Connotation is…
The associated suggested or implied meaning of something, rather than what is being explicitly pictured or described.
Colors are perceived differently depending on the…
Context
