Visual and Taste perception Flashcards
Revision for SAC 1 Unit 2
What is sensation?
Sensation is where we process our environment through touch, taste, sight, sound and smell. Then the information is sent to our brain.
What is perception?
The way we interpret sensations and therefore how we make sense of everything around us.
Name the 6 stages of sensation and perception
Reception, Transduction, Transmission, Selection, Organisation, Interpretation.
Reception for vision
Light enters the eye through the cornea, passes through the pupil, lens focuses light on retina which contains rods and cones
Transduction for vision
Light energy is converted to electrochemical nerve impulse and travels along the optic nerve to the brain.
Transmission for vision
Occurs along the optic nerve from the retina to the brain.
Selection for vision
Paying attention to certain stimuli images are broken up by feature detectors.
Organisation for vision
The primary visual cortex analyses incoming messages
Interpretation for vision
The brain recognises the object/person familiar
Reception for taste
Chemicals are dissolved by saliva in the process of chewing
Transduction for taste
The chemical energy is converted by the receptor cells on the taste buds into electrochemical nerve impulses..
Transmission for taste
The nerve impulses travel to the gustatory cortex, where perception continues
Iris
The iris controls how much light enters the eye
Pupil
Lets light enter your inner eye
Cornea
A tough clear covering that helps protect the eye and bends light as it passes through.
Aqueous humor
A clear fluid that helps the cornea keep it’s shape
Retina
Detects images focused by cornea and lens.
Blind spot
The place where the optic nerve leaves the retina, it has no light sensitive cells.
Optic nerve
Carries messages to your brain from the eye
Sclera
The tough white outer covering of the eyeball.
Vitreous humor
The thick clear jelly that gives the eye it’s shape.
Lens
Focuses light on the retina
Rods
Responsible for vision at low light levels
Cones
Active at higher light levels, help us see colour.
What is closure?
Perceiving an object as a whole despite being incomplete.
What is figure ground?
The contour line
What is proximity?
When individual parts are close to each other we perceive them as ‘whole’
What is similarity?
Group together to provide ‘whole single unit’
What is linear perception?
The apparent convergence of parallel lines in the distance giving the impression of depth.
What is texture gradient?
A monocular depth cue where the surface features of an object become less detailed the more distant an object becomes.
What is size constancy?
How we maintain a constant perception of an objects size even if the object moves nearer or further away.
What is shape constancy?
How we can interpret objects when viewed from any angle.
What is depth perception?
The ability to accurately judge 3D space and distance using cues in the environment.
What is monocular cues?
Depth perception cues requiring information from one eye only.
What is interposition?
A monocular depth cue where the object which overlaps another is perceived as being closer than the object it covers.
What is relative size?
A monocular depth cue where the smaller retinal image of two objects is perceived as being further away.
What is the muller-lyer illusion?
Two lines, one with a arrowhead and one with a feather tale. The line with the feather tale is perceived to be longer.
What is the ponzo illusion?
Upper horizontal line is perceived to be longer than the lower horizontal line.
What is perceptual set? (VISION)
A predisposition to perceive stimuli in a specific way, that is, interpreting what we see according to certain preconceptions.
What are the 4 factors of perceptual set? (VISION)
Previous experience, Context, Motivation and Emotion
Name the 5 primary tastes
Bitter, Umami, Salty, Sweet and Sour
What is the gustatory cortex?
The part of the brain thats involved in sensing and perceiving taste.
What is motivation? (VISION)
Seeing what we want to see, for example, if your on a long drive running low on fuel and a sign ahead reading ‘FOOD AHEAD’ could be seen as ‘FUEL AHEAD’
What is context? (VISION)
Refers to the environment in which a perceived stimuli is observed.
What is previous experience? (VISION)
Can affect how we see things from what we have seen in the past, especially if the experience holds significant meaning.
What is emotion? (VISION)
We can interpret someone’s facial expression as showing laughing or crying, depending on how we are feeling ourselves.
What is height in the visual field?
A monocular depth cue where objects that are higher up in the visual field are perceived as being further away than objects below the horizon.
What is binocular depth cue?
Depth perception cues requiring information from both eyes.
What is accomodation?
A monocular cue involving the ligaments of the lens. The ability of the lens to change shape when focussing on near or distant objects.
What are papillaes?
The bumps on your tongue, clumps of taste buds
What is perceptual set? (TASTE)
A predisposition to taste something in a particular way.
What factors influence taste and flavour?
Biological factors (genetics/age), influenced by packaging, social factors (culture)
