Vision Testing in Children and Infants

Question 1

What acuity would you expect from a newborn?

Answer 1

1 cycle per degee, 1.5logMAR, 6/180

Question 2

What acuity would you expect from a 1 year old?

Answer 2

8-12 cycles per degree, 0.6logMAR, 6/36-24

Question 3

What acuity would you expect from a 3 year old?

Answer 3

30 cycles per degree, logMAR 6/9, logMAR 0.2

Question 4

What acuity is optimal from an adult?

Answer 4

40-50 cycles per degree, 6/3.8, -0.1logMAR

Question 5

Describe the vertical prism dissociation test?

Answer 5

10 dioptre base down prism presented before one eye and infant fixates interesting target, if equal VA present, both eyes will alternately fixate, if one is reduced only the good eye will fixate.

Question 6

Describe the optokinetic nystagmus drum?

Answer 6

This is a spinning drum designed to trigger nystagmus when fixation on the drum ceases

Question 7

Describe the visual directed reaching testing?

Answer 7

The infant is presented with a sweetie and if the infant is able to reach for it they must have roughly 6/24 or better vision.

Question 8

Catford Drum - describe?

Answer 8

Oscillating drum with black dots on a white foreground held at .6m, dots vary in size and different sizes allow you to test vision.

Question 9

Cardiff acuity cards - describe?

Answer 9

Cards with pictures on them designed to measure acuity in people aged 1-3 or with intellectual impairment.

Question 10

What is meant by crowding difficulties?

Answer 10

People will have greater difficulty distinguishing letters if they are spaced 1 letter diameter or less apart. Occurs in normal and amblyopes.