Exo and Eso

Question 1

What are the three types of esophoria?

Answer 1

Convergence excess, divergence weakness and non-specific.

Question 2

Define convergence excess esophoria?

Answer 2

Deviation greater at near by 10 prism dioptres than distance.

Question 3

Define divergences weakness esophoria?

Answer 3

Deviation greater at distance fixation, must be monitored for 6th nerve palsy.

Question 4

Define a non-specific esophoria?

Answer 4

Deviation is similar at distance and near.

Question 5

List the three types of exophoria?

Answer 5

Convergence weakness, divergence excess and non-specific.

Question 6

Define a convergence weakness exophoria?

Answer 6

Exophoria greater at near.

Question 7

Define a divergence excess exophoria?

Answer 7

Deviation greater at distance.

Question 8

Define a non-specific exophoria.

Answer 8

Not greater at near or distance.

Question 9

Define a concomitant strabismus?

Answer 9

The deviation remains the same in each position of gaze.

Question 10

Define an incomitant strabismus?

Answer 10

The deviation shows great difference when the eye is taken to each POG.

Question 11

Name each primary constant esotropia?

Answer 11

Constant - accommodative element, non-accommodative - infantile, acquired, nystagmus block associative esotropia.

Question 12

Name each primary intermittent esotropia?

Answer 12

Fully accommodative, convergence excess, near esotropia, distance esotropia, cyclic esotropia

Question 13

Define secondary esotropia?

Answer 13

Esotropia caused by a pathological loss of vision, congenital cataract etc.

Question 14

Consecutive esotropia - define?

Answer 14

Esotropia in a px who previously had an exotropia

Question 15

Define infantile esotropia?

Answer 15

Onsets at 6-12 months and has a large constant angle of deviation. Usually alternating. Associated with dissociated vertical deviation (eye moves up and out under cover, develops 18months to 2 yrs) and latent nystagmus.

Question 16

Define near esotropia?

Answer 16

This is esotropia that presents on near but does not improve with glasses, this is due to a normal AC/A ratio despite squinting at near.

Question 17

Name each primary constant exotropia?

Answer 17

Early onset, decompensated intermittent

Question 18

name each primary intermittent exotropia?

Answer 18

Near exotropia, distance exotropia - true and simulated, non specific

Question 19

Define secondary and consecutive exotropia?

Answer 19

Secondary occurs after a px has suffered pathological loss or impairment to vision, consecutive occurs after esophoria/tropia