Vision, eye movement and reading Flashcards
What forms the underlying basis of visual processing and eye movement control?
“Primitive” systems which then interact with higher level systems such as complex reasoning, social interaction and retrieval of prior knowledge
What did Findlay and Gilchrist suggest regarding eye movements?
Link between covert attention and eye movement - we direct our covert attention somewhere and then subsequently move our eyes there
What are the 4 steps involved in Morrison’s E-Z Reader model?
1) Word attended and recognised
2) Attention shifts to next word
3) Eye movement is programmed
4) Eye movement executed
How do magic tricks and visual illusions work?
On the fundamental principles of eye movement, attention and visual acuity
Gaze cues direct our eyes and attention elsewhere while the action is in our degraded peripheral vision and is thus not comprehended
MISDIRECTION OF ATTENTION
Distinguish between high and low level approaches to attention and eye movement
When we are looking at a scene, perceptual features influence our fixations. Similarly in O’Regan’s account of fixations during reading
However Loftus and Mackworth demonstrated involvement of higher level influences in scene perception, and Just and Carpenter did the same with linguistic factors influencing word recognition and reading behaviour
How did Wolfe et al demonstrate the importance of visual attention and eye movements with regards to the application in airport baggage search?
Baggage screening requires identification of objects which are actually rarely there
TARGET PREVALENCE influences the inclination to identify an object - identification will be easier in higher prevalence environments
Wolfe et al found error rates in high prevalence trials were lower than in the low prevalence trials
Demonstrated reduction in strength of this prevalence effect through retraining with high prevalence in between sequences of low prevalence i.e. participants trained to apply high prevalence criterion during low prevalence trials
What is a broader implication of Wolfe et al’s work?
Search tasks with very rare targets for which identification is critical e.g. medial screening
What did Tseng at al demonstrate with regards to diagnosis of neurological disorders?
Some neurological disorders are associated with dysfunction of oculomotor control and attention e.g. ADHD and Parkinson’s
Recording eye movement behaviour can be a time- and cost-effective screening method
