Vision (BIO 181-201)

Question 1

Conjunctiva

Answer 1

• thin, protective mucous membrane
• stratified columnar epithelium
• areolar connective tissue and goblet cells (mucous)

Question 2

palpebral conjunctiva

Answer 2

lines eyelids

extends to cover eye except for cornea

Question 3

bulbar conjunctiva

Answer 3

covers back of eye

Question 4

lacrimal apparatus

Answer 4

• glads and ducts associated with them

- produces fluids and gets rid of excess fluid in a process

Question 5

superior rectus

Answer 5

looks up

oculomotor nerve

Question 6

inferior rectus

Answer 6

looks down

oculomotor nerve

Question 7

lateral rectus

Answer 7

looks laterally

abducens nerve

Question 8

medial rectus

Answer 8

looks medially

oculomotor nerve

Question 9

superior oblique

Answer 9

eye rolls
looks down and laterally
trochlear nerve

Question 10

inferior oblique

Answer 10

eye rolls
looks up and laterally
oculomotor nerve

Question 11

cornea

Answer 11

covers iris

translucent

Question 12

outer cornea

Answer 12

stratified squamos epithelia

Question 13

middle cornea

Answer 13

collage fiber and fibroblasts

Question 14

inner cornea

Answer 14

simple squamos

Question 15

sclera

Answer 15

covers eye (not cornea)
outermost layer
white of eye
dense connective tissue
fibroblasts
collagen fibers
a bit rigid and firm
gives eyeball shape
protects inside structures 
attachment for 6 extrinsic eye muscles

Question 16

iris

Answer 16

pigmented with melanocytes
changes size of pupil
between cornea and lens
regulated amount of light
circular and radial smooth muscles

Question 17

pupil

Answer 17

• hole

- black because you can see chorroid (has melanocytes)

Question 18

pigmented retina

Answer 18

1 cell layer thick

next to chorroid

Question 19

neural retina

Answer 19

sensory information
photoreceptors
neural layer

Question 20

lens

Answer 20

proteins

Question 21

crystallins

Answer 21

lens proteins
layers
translucent
cataracts appear when they precipitate

Question 22

anterior chamber

Answer 22

anterior to lens
between cornea and lens
filled with aqueous humor

Question 23

posterior chamber

Answer 23

anterior to lens
between iris and lens
filled with aqueous humor

Question 24

aqueous humor

Answer 24

• always produced

- excess exits in canal of Schelmm to venus circulation (every 90 minutes)

Question 25

vitreous chamber

Answer 25

back of eye

contains vitreous body

Question 26

vitreous body

Answer 26

gel-like
maintains position of retina
formed as embryo
never replaced

Question 27

Rods

Answer 27

sensitive to light
enable to see in low light
no color vision
light scatters in retina
not in macula lueta or fovea centralis

Question 28

rod photopigment

Answer 28

bipolar photoreceptor cells

Question 29

rodopsin

Answer 29

opsin and retinal
forms in dark
reacts to light

Question 30

light and dark adaptation

Answer 30

in light, opsin and retinal break down and come together in the dark to form rodopsin

Question 31

bleaching

Answer 31

going from dark room to light room

opsin and retinal break apart

Question 32

cones

Answer 32

color vision
see sharply
come to point
one axon
need bright light
photoreceptor cells 
modified bipolar neuron

Question 33

Cone photopiments

Answer 33

react to light

retinal and opsin

Question 34

iodopsin

Answer 34

blue opsin

Question 35

chlorocruorin

Answer 35

green opsin

Question 36

eryrhrocruorin

Answer 36

red opsin

Question 37

fovea centralis

Answer 37

greatest density of cones

Question 38

macula lutea

Answer 38

no rods, only cones

Question 39

visual fiels

Answer 39

nasal or temporal vision field

Question 40

nasal (central) half

Answer 40

enter eye, focus on temporal retina

Question 41

temporal (peripheral) half

Answer 41

focus on nasal retina