The Brain (BIO 181-201) Flashcards
Cerebral Cortex
all rolled and folded grey matter
gyrus (like folia)
- raised portion of folded matter
- have individual functions and names
frontal lobe
- large and subdivided
- decision making
parietal lobe
reception and evaluation of all general sensory info
occipital lobe
- not clearly defined by fissure or suculas
- receives and evaluates visual information
temporal lobe
- defined by lateral fissure
- smell, hearing, memory, some judgement and abstract thought
insula
deep in lateral fissure
fornix
tract
relays information
1st and 2nd lateral ventricles
big ventricles
corri plexus
produces and holds CSF
3rd ventricle
on midline of 2 hemispheres
splits thalamus
hole inside
anchors left and right sides of thalamus
mesencephalic aqueduct
how 3rd and 4th ventricles communicate
4th ventricle
narrows and becomes part of central canal of spinal cord
arachnoid villi
extensions of arachnoid matter that goes into superior sagittal sinus
Cerebrospinal fluid
CSF
keeps brain moist
protective cushion
takes toxins out
arachnoid granulations
- clusters of arachnoid villi
- excess CSF goes into venal sinus–> jugular vein (circulates) –> general circulations (small quantities)
pineal gland
responds to light and dark secretes melatonin (hormone) into blood
medulla oblongata
- mesencephalon
- everything goes through this because it’s between brain and spine
pyramids
big, raised areas
carry information
white matter
formed by cortiospinal tracts
olives (olivary nuclei)
bulge
nuclei from propriceptors
pons
- large, shield shape
- part of brain stem
- tracts and nuclei
- connects one area of the brain (or cns) to the other
midbrain (mesencephalon)
small
contains nuclei and tracts
substantia nigra
large, boomerang
black (large concentration of melanoma)
produces dopamine
reticular formation (reticular activating system)
- medulla, pons, midbrain
- ascending, descending neurons
- RAS: keeps concious and alert; responds to sensory input; becomes less sensitive at night
cerebellum (little brain)
compares intended moves with ones that are actually happening to smooth complex movements
- regulates posture and balance
- may have a role in cognition and language processing
3 paired cerebellar peduncles
- big tracts
- axons
- information between cerebellum and other parts of the brain
inferior cerebellar peduncles
- sensory information from inner ear (balance and equilibrium)
- propriceptor information is carried through
middle cerebellar peduncles
largest
cerebrum axons to cerebellum (motor info)
superior cerebellar peduncles
- axons from cerebellum–> red nuclei and nuclei in thalamus
- coordination
- regulates muscle tone
vermis
posture, walking, running, fine motor coordination control
thalamus
- intermediate mass in middle
- has 2 halves and allows halves to communicate
- passes through hole of 3rd ventricle
- almost all grey matter
- 80% of diencephalon
thalamus functions
- sensory except for smell passes through to go to correct place
- relays nerve impulses
- regulates autonomic activity
- maintenance of consciousness
hypothalamus
- no blood brain barrier
- master gland
- most inferior component of diencephelon
- major regulator of homeostasis of body
- small with many parts
