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Video 1 > Vision and Perception > Flashcards

Vision and Perception Flashcards

1
Q

Rods

A

extremely sensitive to low levels of light and do not detect color

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2
Q

Cones

A

the receptors used to see under bright conditions, give us the ability to sense color and resolve fine detail in what we see in three types: red, blue, and green light

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3
Q

Perception

A

Your brain must take the electrical information from the optic nerve and convert it into information that you can use

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4
Q

The Visual Field (4)

A
  • each eye’s: 135 degrees high and 160 degrees wide
  • both eyes is 200 degrees
  • includes peripheral vision
  • we use approximately a 60-degree angle
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5
Q

Light Waves

A

light is made of waves of energy

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6
Q

visible light spectrum (2)

A
  • Only a small section of the electromagnetic spectrum is visible to the human eye
  • typical human eye will respond to wavelengths from about 400 to 700 nanometers
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7
Q

gamma rays

A

shortest wavelengths of 10-6 nanometers

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8
Q

color (4)

A
  • frequency of a light wave determines its color.
  • Green is at the center of the visible light color spectrum
  • Blue light waves have a higher frequency
  • Red light waves have a lower frequency
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9
Q

amplitude

A

determines the intensity of the light

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10
Q

Light and the Inverse Square Law

A

a specified physical quantity or intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source of that physical quantity

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11
Q

Direct light measurement (3)

A
  • Lumem
  • Lux
  • Foot-Candle
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12
Q

Lumen

A

a measure of the light quantity emitted from a constant light source across one square meter.

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13
Q

Lux

A

a contraction of the words luminance and flux; 10.7 lux is equal to 1 footcandle

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14
Q

Foot-Candle

A

an English unit of measurement expressing the intensity of light illuminating an object. The illumination from one candle falling on a surface of 1 square foot at a distance of 1 foot

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15
Q

Footlambert

A

a U.S. customary unit of measurement for luminance. It is equal to 1/pi candela per square foot

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16
Q

Candela

A

replaced the candlepower standard

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17
Q

Behavior of Light (5)

A
  • Refraction
  • Dispersion
  • Reflection
  • Scattering
  • Absorption
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18
Q

Refraction

A

Refraction is the bending or changing of the direction of a light ray when passing through a material, such as water or glass. How much light refracts, meaning how great the angle of refraction, is called the refractive index.

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19
Q

Dispersion

A

can be seen when a white light beam passes through a triangular prism. The different wavelengths of light refract at different angles, dispersing the light into its individual components.

20
Q

Reflection

A

light or sound energy that has been redirected by a surface

21
Q

Scattering

A

occurs when light hits a textured surface, the incoming light waves get reflected in multiple angles because the surface is uneven.

22
Q

Absorption

A

Light being consumed when hitting darker colors

23
Q

Inverse Square Law and Light (3)

A
  • as you move farther away from a light source the brightness of the light at the viewing point will diminish
  • As the distance from the light source is doubled, the perceived illumination decreases by 75 percent
  • The illuminance of a surface varies inversely as the square of its distance from a light source
24
Q

Inverse Square Law Quick Tip

A
  • As distance is doubled, the illumination of light is quartered
  • As distance is doubled, the surface area of light quadrupled
25
Q

Describing Color (3)

A
  • Hue
  • Grayscale
  • Chroma
26
Q

Hue

A

the attribute of a color that represents a red, a purple, a green

27
Q

Grayscale

A

the brightness and darkness of a color. It is sometimes called “value.”

28
Q

Chroma

A

the saturation, or intensity, of a specific color

29
Q

Color Temperature (3)

A
  • each white has a different tint
  • Low color temperature light (~2000K) has a warm (red-ish) look while light with a high color temperature (~6000K) has a colder (blue-ish) appearance
  • a scientific measurement for expressing the distribution of the colors radiating from a light source, expressed in the Kelvin (K) scale
30
Q

candle light on Kelvin Scale

A

1900K

31
Q

high pressure sodium lamp on Kelvin Scale

A

2200K

32
Q

tungsten lamp on Kelvin Scale

A

3200K – 3400K

33
Q

cool white fluorescent bulb on Kelvin Scale

A

4200K

34
Q

daylight on Kelvin Scale

A

5400K

35
Q

noon direct daylight, cloudless sky on Kelvin Scale

A

5500K

36
Q

SMPTE reference white on Kelvin Scale

A

6500K

37
Q

color temperature of a lamp or bulb and perception

A

color temperature will alter the color perception of any objects or images viewed under it, but your eyes may not detect these subtle variations

38
Q

video cameras and lighting fixtures

A

if video cameras are to be used, all lighting fixtures should have the same color temperature: a standard TV white, around 3200K

39
Q

Key Light

A

Primary light illuminating the subject

40
Q

Fill Light

A

Helps eliminate shadows and improve detail by “filling in” the shadows caused by key light

41
Q

Back Light

A

Shines from the back of the subject towards the camera space to help define edges

42
Q

Wall Wash

A

Added to improve the depth and color quality of the background

43
Q

light entering the room

A

color temperature of the lamps should match the light entering the room. If there is an outdoor light entering the room, 5600K lamps should be used. If there is no outdoor light, then 3200K lighting can be used.

44
Q

incident light meter

A

measures incident light

45
Q

spot meter

A

measures reflected light

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