Vision and Perception

Question 1

What are the Sensory and Visual Perceptual Functions?

Answer 1

Sensory and Visual Perceptual Functions

Visual Processing

• Primary Visual Cortex (Area 17)
• Visual Association Cortex (Area 18)
• Higher Order Visual Association Cortex (Area 19)

Higher Order Processing Pathways

• Parieto-Occipital Association Cortex: Dorsal Pathways or Dorsal Stream (Where and Spatial Processing)
• Occipito-Temporal Association Cortex: : Ventral Pathways or Ventral Stream (What and Form Processing)

Other Parallel Processing

• Frontal Eye Fields
• Left Hemisphere: Visual and Verbal Processing
• Right Hemisphere: Visual and Non-Verbal, Perceptual, and Spatial Processing

Question 2

What are the areas of the visual cortex and it’s blood supply?

Answer 2

Visual Cortex

Primary Visual Cortex

• VI or Area 17

Association Areas

• V2 & V3 or Areas 18 & 19
• Inputs from Temporal Lobe & Parietal Lobe

Blood Supply

• PCA & MCA
• Sensory and Visual Perceptual Functions

Question 3

What is perception?

Answer 3

Perception:

Definition:

• The ability to organize all sensory information into meaningful wholes or patterns
• The integration of all somatosensory, visual, auditory, and other sensory input into one perception

Question 4

What are some visual perceptual concepts?

Answer 4

Visual Perceptual Concepts

• Right-Left Discrimination: The ability to distinguish between one side from the other and the right from left sides
• Form Constancy: The ability to recognize subtle variation in form, size, color or direction of objects
• Figure-Ground Discrimination: The ability to distinguish the foreground from the background
• Position in space or Spatial Relations: The ability to distinguish features and/or position of objects relative to one another and/or to oneself
• Visual Closure: The ability to identify forms or objects from an incomplete array of features or stimuli

Question 5

What are some visual perceptual concepts?

Answer 5

Visual Perceptual Concepts

• Depth Perception: The ability to distinguish relative distances between objects and requires intact binocular vision
• Topographical Orientation: The ability to distinguish location of physical landmarks or settings and routes from various locations
• Visual-Motor Integration: The ability to coordinate information from the visual system with body movements during and activity or task
• Ideational Praxis: The ability to understand motor demands and the characteristics needed to perform a task by using motor plans (Involves Supplementary Motor Area, Superior Temporal Gyrus, and Wernicke’s Area)
• Ideomotor Praxis: The ability to initiate/execute a motor plan from a stored memory engram (Involves Left Inferior Parietal Lobe, Inputs from Visual, Auditory, and Somatosensory Association Areas)
• Visual-Attention: The ability to sustain focus on a visual stimulus
• Neglect Syndromes: Body and Spatial Neglect (Dysfunction)