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Neuro > Blood Supply > Flashcards

Blood Supply Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 main Cerebral Arteries and what major arteries do they give rise to?

A

Main Cerebral Arteries

  • Internal Carotid Arteries give rise to
    • Anterior Cerebral Arteries (ACA)
    • Middle Cerebral Arteries (MCA)
  • Vertebral Arteries give rise to
    • Posterior Cerebral Arteries (PCA)
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2
Q

What is the anterior circulation from the Aorta?

A
  • Anterior Circulation from Aorta
    • (2) Common Carotid Arteries give rise to…
    • (2) External Carotid Arteries and (2) Internal Carotid Arteries
    • (2) Internal Carotid Arteries give rise to…
      • (2) Middle Cerebral Arteries (MCA)
      • (2) Anterior Cerebral Arteries (ACA)
  • Anterior Cerebral Arteries anastomose or connect via
    • (1) Anterior Communicating Artery
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3
Q

What is the posterior circulation from the Aorta?

A

Posterior Circulation

  • Posterior Circulation from Aorta/Subclavian Arteries
    • (2) Vertebral Arteries give rise to…
      • (1) Basilar Artery gives rise to…
      • (2) Posterior Cerebral Arteries (PCA)
      • (2) Superior Cerebellar Arteries (SCA)
      • (2) Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries (AICA)
  • From (2) Vertebral Arteries give rise to…
    • (1) Anterior Spinal Artery (ASA)
    • (2) Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries (PICA)
    • (2) Posterior Spinal Arteries
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4
Q

What are the Lenticulostriate Arteries?

A

Lenticulostriate Arteries

  • Arises for Middle Cerebral Arteries (MCA)
  • Supplies large regions of Internal Capsule and

Basal Ganglis
• Dysfunction (from Hypertension)

  • Smaller vessels prone to narrowing
  • Resultant Lacunar Infarct (type of stroke) • Sensorimotor deficits
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5
Q

What areas does the ACA cover?

A

Anterior Cerebral Arteries (ACA)
• Superior, medial and lateral Frontal and Parietal Lobes • Basal Ganglia and Corpus Callosum

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6
Q

How will an ACA occulsion present?

A

Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA)
• Contralateral Hemiplegia/Hemiparesis (Primary Motor)
• Contralateral Hemisensory Loss (Primary Somatosensory)

  • Cognitive and Executive Functions Deficits (Frontal)

• Apraxias (Premotor)

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7
Q

What areas of the brain does the MCA cover?

A

Middle Cerebral Arteries (MCA)
• Lateral Frontal, Parietal and Temporal Lobes • Inferior Frontal and Temporal Lobes

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8
Q

How will an occlusion of the MCA in the Right Hemisphere present?

A

Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) (Common) •

Right Hemisphere

  • Contralateral Hemiplegia/Hemiparesis (Primary Moto
  • Contralateral Hemisensory Loss (Primary

Somatosensory)

  • Perceptual Deficits and Left Neglect Syndromes (Parietal)
  • Apraxias: Ideomotor and Ideational
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9
Q

How will an occlusion of the MCA in the Left hemisphere present?

A

Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) (Common) •

Left Hemisphere

  • Contralateral Hemiplegia/Hemiparesis (Primary Motor)
  • Contralateral Hemisensory Loss (Primary Somatosensory)
  • Wernicke’s Aphasia (Inferior Parietal/Posterior Superior Temporal Gyrus)
  • Cognitive and Perceptual Deficits
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10
Q

How will an occulsion of the PCA present?

A

• Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) •

Memory Deficits (Temporal)

  • Visual and Perceptual Deficits (Occipital)
  • Receptive Sensory Field Deficits or Visual Field Cuts

• Hemianopsias or Anopsias versus Neglect Syndromes

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11
Q

What areas of the brain does the PCA cover?

A

Posterior Cerebral Arteries (PCA)
• Medial and inferior Temporal and Occipital Lobes • Thalamus

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12
Q

How will an occulusion in Cerebellum blood supply present? Name the artery and deficits

A

Cerebellar Lesions

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA)

  • Ipsilateral hypertonicity
  • Vertigo, Nausea, Nystagmus

Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA) and

Superior Cerebellar Artery (SCA)

  • Ipsilateral hypertonicity
  • Dysmetria, Dysdiadochokinesia, Ataxia • Incoordination, Dysarthria
  • Intention Tremor
  • Impaired Muscle Tone
  • Ataxic Gait
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13
Q

What are the 3 major blood vessels to the Cerebellum?

A

AICA Anterior Inferior Cerebellar artery

PICA Posterior Inferior Cerebellar artery

SCA Superior Cerebellar artery

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14
Q

What will an occulsion in the Anterior Spinal Artery look like?

A

Brainstem Artery Occlusions •

Anterior Spinal Artery

  • Contralateral Hemiplegia/paresis
  • Loss of Pain and Temperature Sense
  • Possible sparing of Dorsal Columns
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15
Q

What will an occulsion of the Vertebral Artery look like?

A

Vertebral Artery
• Visual Deficits (Occipital)
• Ataxic Gait (Superior Cerebellar Artery)

Cranial Nerve Damage (Brainstem)

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16
Q

Describe the neurologic structures affected by a CVA from Left MCA infarct and what are the underlying impairments areas that will present?

A
  • Lateral Frontal, Parietal and Temporal Lobes
  • Inferior Frontal and Temporal Lobes

Right side paralysis and paresis

Aphasia- Broca’s area

Cognitive (frontal lobe)

Affective (emotional lability, depression)

17
Q

Describe the neurologic structures affected in a CVA from Right ACA infarct? What underlying impairments will present?

A

Anterior Cerebral Arteries (ACA)

  • Superior, medial and lateral Frontal and Parietal Lobes
  • Basal Ganglia and Corpus Callosum

Impairments:

  • Left side paralysis and paresis
  • cognitive (frontal lobe)
  • apraxia (association/ tertiary, premotor, primary motor damaged)
  • Affective (left side- depression, emo lability/ right side- emo dissociation)
18
Q

Describe structures affected from a Lacunar Stroke? Underlying impairments?

A
  • internal capsule, basis pontis, corona radiata
  • Pure motor stroke/hemiparesis (most common lacunar syndrome: 33-50%)
  • Marked by hemiparesis or hemiplegia that typically affects the face, arm, or leg of the contralateral side. Dysarthria, dysphagia, and transient sensory symptoms may also be present.
19
Q

What about a Brainstem lesion affecting Cranial Nerve 9?

A
  • Medulla
  • Taste and swallowing
  • Impairments:
    • loss of taste on posterior tongue
    • loss of gag and swallowing reflexes
    • dysphagia (may lead to choking)
20
Q

What structures are supplied by the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery and how would an PICA Stroke present?

A
  • the PICA supplies the cerebellar peduncles
  • occlusion results in:
    • ipsilateral hypertonicity and hyperactive reflexes (because the posterior and anterior spinocerebellar tracts pass through the superior cerebellar peduncle)
    • vertigo, nausua, nystagmus (because the PICA also supplies the medulla which results in vestibular nuclei loss)
21
Q

A patient enters the emergency department with an inability to move his left foot and lower leg. Upon examination the physician notices that he cannot feel touch or pain sensations on the lower left leg and foot. All other tests were normal including the right leg and foot. The prediction is that he has had a blockage of the blood supply to the central nervous system responsible for the left lower leg and foot. What arterial supply would account for the clinical signs?

A

Right anterior cerebral artery

22
Q

The type of cerebrovascular accident in which a small emboli blocks blood flow to a region of the brain is called a(n):

A

ischemic stroke

Neuro (12 decks)

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