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Anatomy and Physiology II > Vision > Flashcards

Vision Flashcards

1
Q

The lens of the eye _______ when the ciliary muscles contract

A

fattens up (strengthens)

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2
Q

an unsightly and painful swelling resulting from an infected tarsal gland

A

chalazion

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3
Q

maximum color of acuity (sharpness of color vision) in the eye occurs when light is focused upon the

A

fovea centralis

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4
Q

an infection of any of the smaller glands of the eyelids (glands other than the tarsal glands)

A

sty

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5
Q

the region of the retina with the greatest density of cones

A

fovea centralis

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6
Q

a condition wherein the extrinsic eye muscles are not perfectly coordinated aka. double vision

A

diplopia

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7
Q

produces aqueous humor

A

ciliary body

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8
Q

a congenital weakness of one or more extrinsic eye muscles; typically the affected eye rotates medially or laterally is functionally blind

A

strabismus

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9
Q

photoreceptors which respond to differences in color

A

cones

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10
Q

a condition wherein the production of aqueous humor exceeds the drainage, so that intraocular pressures rise as aqueous humor accumulates

A

glaucoma

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11
Q

the process of vision is made possible because of a change in the conformation of a molecule called retinal, which is a derivative of vitamin

A

Vitamin A

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12
Q

a condition wherein salt and water enter the lens, disrupting the crystal-like packing of its proteins and clouding the lens itself

A

cataracts

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13
Q

the component on the optical path of the eye which provides the greatest amount of light-bending power.

A

cornea

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14
Q

an eye disorder where either the eyeball is too long (oblong) or the lens is too stong

A

myopia

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15
Q

fills the posterior segment of the eye

A

vitreous humor

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16
Q

photoreceptors which respond to differences in brightness

A

rods

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17
Q

a gelatinous substance which is formed in the embryonic stage; it is not replenished during adult life

A

vitreous humor

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18
Q

an eye disorder where either the eyeball is too short (compressed) or the lens is too weak

A

hyperopia

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19
Q

is continually made and circulated during life; it is collected from the eye by the canals of Schlemm

A

aqueous

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20
Q

drain aqueous humor from the eyes

A

canals of Schelmm

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21
Q

sympathetic influence causes the pupils to

A

dilate

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22
Q

single muscle most directly responsible for medial tracking of the eye

A

medial rectus

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23
Q

this nerve innervates 4 of the 6 extrinsic eye muscles

A

oculomotor

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24
Q

the outermost layer of the eye

A

the fibrous tunic

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25
Q

the innermost layer of the eye

A

the sensory tunic

26
Q

is part of the fibrous tunic of the eye

A

the sclera

27
Q

another name for the sensory tunic of the eye

A

retina

28
Q

the lens of the eye _______ under the influence of increasing parasympathetic activity

A

fattens up

29
Q

a common eye condition commonly experienced by elderly people

A

presbyopia

30
Q

a visual disturbance commonly caused by tumors of or near the pituitary gland

A

hemianopsia

31
Q

small fleshy protrusion from the medial canthus, produces a secretion which may dry during sleep to form ‘sandman’s eyesand’

A

caruncle

32
Q

modified sebaceous glands lying in vertical columns in the eyelids and producing an oily secretion that lubricates the eyelids and helps prevent them from sticking

A

tarsal glands

33
Q

region of the retina with the greatest visual acuity

A

fovea centralis

34
Q

refers to pupillary dilation

A

mydriasis

35
Q

refers to pupillary constriction

A

miosis

36
Q

the two layers comprising the sensory tunic (retina) of the eye

A

neural and pigmented

37
Q

a transparent membrane lining the anterior eye

A

conjunctiva

38
Q

a congenital weakness of one or more extrinsic eye muscles; typically the affected eye rotates medially or laterally, and its visual input is ignored by the brain

A

strabismus

39
Q

an eye disorder, more common in older adults, where the lens has become inflexible

A

presbyopia

40
Q

a refractive eye disorder where the lens is too weak (the eyeball is to short)

A

hyperopia

41
Q

refers to the loss of vision in about half of the visual field in one or both eyes

A

hemianopsia

42
Q

refers to complete blindness in one or both eyes

A

anopsia

43
Q

paired openings at the medial canthus of the each eye, visible as two small dots– through which accumulated tears drain into the lacrimal canals

A

lacrimal punctae

44
Q

a refractive eye disorder where the lens is too strong (the eyeball is too long; oblong)

A

myopia

45
Q

a skeletal muscle involved in raising the upper eyelid

A

levator palpabrae superioris

46
Q

a small slip of smooth muscle controlled by sympathetic neurons and assists m. levator palpabrae superioris in lifting the upper eyelid

A

superior tarsal muscle

47
Q

common name for infectious conjunctivitis

A

pinkeye

48
Q

the process by which the focal length of the eye is changed in order to allow focus on close objects

A

accommodation

49
Q

found in many Asians, is a flap of skin that appears near the medial canthus and sometimes covers it

A

epicanthic fold

50
Q

the space created as the ocular conjunctiva reflects back (folds back) over the palpebral conjunctiva

A

conjunctival sac

51
Q

the part of the retina with the highest visual acuity

A

fovea centralis

52
Q

contains smooth muscles which control the amount of light entering the eye

A

iris

53
Q

a clear part of the eye which contains no vascular tissue and which provides most of the refractive power for focusing

A

cornea

54
Q

the blind spot of the eye, where nerves and blood vessels pass from the interior to the exterior of the eye

A

optic disc

55
Q

highly vasculated layer which provides nutrition to the other layers around it

A

choroid

56
Q

a clear, flexible eye part on the optic path which is critical for accommodation

A

lens

57
Q

smooth muscles which control lens shape

A

ciliary muscles

58
Q

tough covering for eye; continuous with dura matter around brain

A

sclera

59
Q

the sensory tunic containing both the neural and the pigmented layers of the eye

A

retina

60
Q

contains the ciliary muscles and the ciliary process; the latter are responsible for secreting aqueous humor

A

ciliary body

Anatomy and Physiology II (4 decks)

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