Vision 2 Flashcards
What is a cataract?
Opacity in the lens
Incidence of cataracts in over 65s
Over 75%
Presentation of cataracts
Blurred vision
Unilateral can go unnoticed but loss of stereopsis affects distance judgement
Bilateral cause gradual visual loss, dazzle and monocular Diplopia
Presentation of cataracts in children
Squint, loss of binocular function, a white pupil or nystagmus/amblyopia
Initial cataract treatment
Mydriatic drops and sunglasses
Surgery risks with cataract surgery
2% get serious complications - vision might not be normal afterwards, might still have dazzle
Distance glasses often needed
Post op complications for cataracts
Posterior capsule thickening described as “cataract returning” - easily treated with capsulotomy
Eye irritation
Can get anterior uveitis
Rarely vitreous haemorrhage, retinal detachment, glaucoma or endopthalmitis (infection of eye fluid)
Cataracts risk factors
Genetic (most children and some adult) Diabetes Any steroid use High myopia Dystrophia myotonica
How soon does intervention need to be done with congenial cataract
Within 1st 6 weeks of life
When is optic disc pale
Optic neuropathy
When are optic disc margins blurred
Papilloedema (raised ICP, malignant HTN and cavernous sinus thrombosis) and optic neuritis
What is normal arterial to venous width ratio in optic disc
2:3 - veins are bigger
When do you get abnormal retinal pallor
Retinal artery occlusion
Which eyes are more prone to retinal detachment
Myopic eyes (cataract surgery for myopic eyes also increases the risk)
How does retinal detachment present?
4 F's Floaters Flashes Field loss Fall in acuity (curtain falling over vision - e.g. Over lower half as retina detaches upwards) Painless!!!
