Mock Stuff Flashcards by Clara Sage

Floaters then grossly reduced vision but painless and no flashing lights - diabetic patient

Vitreous haemorrhage

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Photokeratitis

Usually after exposure to high levels of UV light

Bilateral severe discomfort

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Vernal keratoconjunctivitis

Severe chronic allergic conjunctivitis

Symptoms typically worse in spring or summer

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What is retinitis pigmentosa?

Disease of photoreceptors
Starts with loss of peripheral vision
Can progress to loss of central vision
Retinal pigmentation seen on retina

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Other causes of retinal pigmentation

Following laser photocoagulation in diabetic retinopathy - multiple discrete round lesions

Macular degeneration (wet and dry) - hypo and hyper pigmentation - this is in macular

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Pattern of visual loss in open-angle glaucoma

Slow bilateral (often asymmetric) peripheral field loss
Painless
Closed angle is painful

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Pale fundus with cherry red spot at macula

Central retinal artery occlusion

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Signs on retina of retinal vein occlusion

Cotton wool spots - ischaemia
Haemorrhage
Swollen optic disc

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Retinal macroaneurysms

Dilatation of retinal arteriole

Localised haemorrhage and exudation

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Valsalva retinopathy

Sudden rise in intrathoracic pressure

Retinal haemorrhage alone

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Amsler grid

Macular disease

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Duochrome test

Used to fine tune subjective refraction

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Frisby test

Test for stereopsis

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Hess chart

Used to measure eye motility

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Pain or no pain on eye movement with idiopathic intracranial hypertension and space occupying lesions

No pain

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Pseudophakic

Biological lens replaced with artificial lens

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Aphakia

Eye with no lens in situ - biological or artificial

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Anisemetropia

Substantially different refractive power in each eye

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First medication for primary open-angle glaucoma

Beta blocker - timolol
Or
Prostaglandins - latanotoprost

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Drusen

Wet and dry macular degeneration

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Trachoma treatment

Chylmadia therefore azithromycin

Sign of endophthalmitis following cataract surgery

Hypopyon- white cells in ant chamber

Will also have reduced vision and very painful red eye

Normal non-worrying signs after cataract surgery

Mildly raised IOP
anterior chamber cells
Sub conjunctival haemorrhage

Light focused at point before retina

Myopia

Light focused behind retina

Hypermetropia

Toric lens

Corrects astigmatism

Convex lens

Hypermetropia

Concave lens

Myopia

Intra ocular pressure with ruptured globe

Decreased Initially increased in blunt trauma and this causes the rupture Pressure can also be normal

Gentamicin with conjunctivitis

More likely to cause ocular irritation and allergy than chloramphenicol

Antibiotic for treatment of contact lens wearers

Fluoroquinolone antibiotic eg. Ofloxacin High rate of chloramphenicol resistance in contact lens wearers

Treatment of herpes simplex keratitis

Aciclovir

Photophobia with anterior uveitis and scleritis

Less of a feature with scleritis

What can molluscum contagiosum cause

Recurrent follicular conjunctivitis - shedding of pox virus particles onto eye

What is actinic ketatosis

Common slow-growing non-malignant lesion | Commonly affects the elderly, fair skinned individuals exposed to excessive sunlight

Pain in scleritis and episcelritis

Pain severe in scleritis

Treatment of viral conjunctivitis

Symptomatic relief - lubricants and cold compresse

What is acne rosacea?

Chronic skin disease - causes bilateral erythematous rash over the cheeks, nose and forehead Can cause severe form of blepharo-keratoconjunctivitis

Treatment of blepharitis

Steroids and antibiotics - topical Systemic antibiotics Lid hygiene

What is punctal occlusion

Block openings into nose where trees drain - increase tear production/lubrication of the eye

Redness of section of eye + grittiness and mild discomfort

Episcelritis | Redness disappears with phenylpherine instillation (doesn't happen in scleritis)

Things which can cause idiopathic intracranial hyper tension

Pregnancy OCP Steroids Obesity NOT AMIODARONE

CN commonly affected by trauma

CN 4 - longest cause and smallest diameter | Then CN 6

Bilateral or unilateral diplopia with nerve palsys

Bilateral

Bilateral or unilateral diplopia with cataract

Unilateral

What happens in infantile esotropia

Image from one eye is cortically suppressed - therefore don't get diplopia

Signs of CMV retinitis

Large areas of haemorrhagic retinitis

Roth spots

Localised areas of retinal haemorrhage with a pale centre composed of fibrin Sign of IE

First line treatment for diabetic maculopathy (oedema and exudation close to fovea)

Macular grid or macular laser | Anti-vegF not first line

Commonly affected muscle in thyroid eye disease

Inferior rectus

Watery sticky eye in neonate but not injected conjunctiva

Blocked nasolacrimal gland

What is central serous retinopathy?

Visual impairment - often temporary in one eye Leakage under the retina - accumulates under central macular Therefore central vision scotoma Usually male 20-50 Exacerbated by stress or corticosteroid use and type "a" personalities