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Opthalmology > Mock Stuff > Flashcards

Mock Stuff Flashcards

1
Q

Floaters then grossly reduced vision but painless and no flashing lights - diabetic patient

A

Vitreous haemorrhage

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2
Q

Photokeratitis

A

Usually after exposure to high levels of UV light

Bilateral severe discomfort

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3
Q

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis

A

Severe chronic allergic conjunctivitis

Symptoms typically worse in spring or summer

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4
Q

What is retinitis pigmentosa?

A

Disease of photoreceptors
Starts with loss of peripheral vision
Can progress to loss of central vision
Retinal pigmentation seen on retina

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5
Q

Other causes of retinal pigmentation

A

Following laser photocoagulation in diabetic retinopathy - multiple discrete round lesions

Macular degeneration (wet and dry) - hypo and hyper pigmentation - this is in macular

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6
Q

Pattern of visual loss in open-angle glaucoma

A

Slow bilateral (often asymmetric) peripheral field loss
Painless
Closed angle is painful

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7
Q

Pale fundus with cherry red spot at macula

A

Central retinal artery occlusion

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8
Q

Signs on retina of retinal vein occlusion

A

Cotton wool spots - ischaemia
Haemorrhage
Swollen optic disc

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9
Q

Retinal macroaneurysms

A

Dilatation of retinal arteriole

Localised haemorrhage and exudation

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10
Q

Valsalva retinopathy

A

Sudden rise in intrathoracic pressure

Retinal haemorrhage alone

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11
Q

Amsler grid

A

Macular disease

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12
Q

Duochrome test

A

Used to fine tune subjective refraction

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13
Q

Frisby test

A

Test for stereopsis

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14
Q

Hess chart

A

Used to measure eye motility

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15
Q

Pain or no pain on eye movement with idiopathic intracranial hypertension and space occupying lesions

A

No pain

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16
Q

Pseudophakic

A

Biological lens replaced with artificial lens

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17
Q

Aphakia

A

Eye with no lens in situ - biological or artificial

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18
Q

Anisemetropia

A

Substantially different refractive power in each eye

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19
Q

First medication for primary open-angle glaucoma

A

Beta blocker - timolol
Or
Prostaglandins - latanotoprost

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20
Q

Drusen

A

Wet and dry macular degeneration

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21
Q

Trachoma treatment

A

Chylmadia therefore azithromycin

22
Q

Sign of endophthalmitis following cataract surgery

A

Hypopyon- white cells in ant chamber

Will also have reduced vision and very painful red eye

23
Q

Normal non-worrying signs after cataract surgery

A

Mildly raised IOP
anterior chamber cells
Sub conjunctival haemorrhage

24
Q

Light focused at point before retina

A

Myopia

25
Q

Light focused behind retina

A

Hypermetropia

26
Q

Toric lens

A

Corrects astigmatism

27
Q

Convex lens

A

Hypermetropia

28
Q

Concave lens

A

Myopia

29
Q

Intra ocular pressure with ruptured globe

A

Decreased
Initially increased in blunt trauma and this causes the rupture
Pressure can also be normal

30
Q

Gentamicin with conjunctivitis

A

More likely to cause ocular irritation and allergy than chloramphenicol

31
Q

Antibiotic for treatment of contact lens wearers

A

Fluoroquinolone antibiotic eg. Ofloxacin

High rate of chloramphenicol resistance in contact lens wearers

32
Q

Treatment of herpes simplex keratitis

A

Aciclovir

33
Q

Photophobia with anterior uveitis and scleritis

A

Less of a feature with scleritis

34
Q

What can molluscum contagiosum cause

A

Recurrent follicular conjunctivitis - shedding of pox virus particles onto eye

35
Q

What is actinic ketatosis

A

Common slow-growing non-malignant lesion

Commonly affects the elderly, fair skinned individuals exposed to excessive sunlight

36
Q

Pain in scleritis and episcelritis

A

Pain severe in scleritis

37
Q

Treatment of viral conjunctivitis

A

Symptomatic relief - lubricants and cold compresse

38
Q

What is acne rosacea?

A

Chronic skin disease - causes bilateral erythematous rash over the cheeks, nose and forehead
Can cause severe form of blepharo-keratoconjunctivitis

39
Q

Treatment of blepharitis

A

Steroids and antibiotics - topical
Systemic antibiotics
Lid hygiene

40
Q

What is punctal occlusion

A

Block openings into nose where trees drain - increase tear production/lubrication of the eye

41
Q

Redness of section of eye + grittiness and mild discomfort

A

Episcelritis

Redness disappears with phenylpherine instillation (doesn’t happen in scleritis)

42
Q

Things which can cause idiopathic intracranial hyper tension

A

Pregnancy
OCP
Steroids
Obesity

NOT AMIODARONE

43
Q

CN commonly affected by trauma

A

CN 4 - longest cause and smallest diameter

Then CN 6

44
Q

Bilateral or unilateral diplopia with nerve palsys

A

Bilateral

45
Q

Bilateral or unilateral diplopia with cataract

A

Unilateral

46
Q

What happens in infantile esotropia

A

Image from one eye is cortically suppressed - therefore don’t get diplopia

47
Q

Signs of CMV retinitis

A

Large areas of haemorrhagic retinitis

48
Q

Roth spots

A

Localised areas of retinal haemorrhage with a pale centre composed of fibrin
Sign of IE

49
Q

First line treatment for diabetic maculopathy (oedema and exudation close to fovea)

A

Macular grid or macular laser

Anti-vegF not first line

50
Q

Commonly affected muscle in thyroid eye disease

A

Inferior rectus

51
Q

Watery sticky eye in neonate but not injected conjunctiva

A

Blocked nasolacrimal gland

52
Q

What is central serous retinopathy?

A

Visual impairment - often temporary in one eye
Leakage under the retina - accumulates under central macular
Therefore central vision scotoma

Usually male 20-50
Exacerbated by stress or corticosteroid use and type “a” personalities

Opthalmology (6 decks)

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