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Biological Psychology > Vision > Flashcards

Vision Flashcards

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1
Q

Where does the first stages of visual processing occur?

A

Retina

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2
Q

What is retinal projection?

A

Small, inverted 2D image distorted by the curvature of the eye

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3
Q

What are specialised for day vision?

A

Cone cells

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4
Q

What are specialised for night vision?

A

Rod cells

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5
Q

What is opsin?

A

Light sensitive protein in membrane go photoreceptors

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6
Q

What is opsin needed for?

A

Transduction

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7
Q

What are the 3 classes of cone cells?

A

S-, M- and L-

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8
Q

How do the types of cones differ?

A

Differ in wavelength affinity to absorb light

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9
Q

How many functional classes of rod cells are there?

A

1 - express the same type of opsin (rhodopsin)

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10
Q

What are the first steps in processing an image?

A
  • Lens focuses image
  • Aperture to control light entering the iris
  • Pixels register image (Photoreceptors)
  • Filtering media
  • Lens cover (eye lid)
  • Cleaning mechanism (tears)
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11
Q

What is visual acuity?

A

Ability to solve spatial details

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12
Q

Where is acuity highest?

A

Fovea

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13
Q

What is the pathway of serial connections in the retina?

A

Photoreceptors -> Bipolar cells -> ganglion cells -> thalamus and the brain areas

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14
Q

How are horizontal cells involved?

A

Receive input from photoreceptors and project to bipolar cells

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15
Q

How are amacrine cells involved?

A

Receives input from bipolar cells and project to ganglion cells

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16
Q

What is the Geniculate-striate visual pathway needed for?

A

Conscious vision in humans

17
Q

What is the V1 and what is it required for?

A

Primary visual cortex, conscious visual experiences

18
Q

What are examples of an Extrageniculate pathway?

A

Retina - SC used for eye movement

19
Q

How do retinal ganglion cells project to each layer of the LGN?

A

Retinotopically

20
Q

What causes cortical blindness?

A

Damage to the V1

21
Q

What are the 2 types of eye movement?

A

Saccades (jumps) and fixations (stops)

22
Q

What is the definition of the field of view?

A

position and orientation of the eye ball. of the head and the body

23
Q

What controls automatic movement of the eye?

A

Superior colliculus

24
Q

What controls conscious control of the eye?

A

Frontal eye fields

25
Q

What are the first stages of visual processing with inhibitory and excitatory synapses?

A

Edge detection, edge enhancements, filtering of spatial, wavelength, movement and directional information

26
Q

What is convergence?

A

how sensory details, such as sight or touch, are combined and evaluated to form perceptions

27
Q

What are filter mechanisms in the retina?

A

Neural circuits that combine excitatory and inhibitory synapses

28
Q

What are the 2 types of centre-surround receptive field?

A

Bipolar and ganglion cells with ON-centre/ OFF-surround receptive field

Bipolar and ganglion cells with OFF- centre/ON-surround receptive field

Biological Psychology (8 decks)

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