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Biological Psychology > Sex Differences > Flashcards

Sex Differences Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the organisational effects of hormone action?

A

Effects of tissue differentiation and development (permanent)

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2
Q

What are the activation effects of hormone action?

A

Effects that occur in fully developed organism

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3
Q

How many chromosomes do diploid cells contain?

A

46

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4
Q

What are gametes?

A

Haploid

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5
Q

What is sex determined by?

A

Presence of the Y chromosome (SRY gene)

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6
Q

What happens during early embryonic development in females?

A
  • Ovary doesn’t produce significant amounts of steroid hormones during embryonic development
  • Each part of the body develops according to its own intrinsic programme
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7
Q

What happens during early embryonic development in males?

A

AMH - masculinises internal genetilia
Various androgens e.g. testosterone

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8
Q

What are the features of testosterone?

A

Steroid hormone

Primary androgen

Synthesised by Leydig cells in testes

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9
Q

What cells produce AMH?

A

Sertoli cells

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10
Q

What reacts with testosterone to form DHT?

A

5-alpha reductase

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11
Q

What does genotypic sex determine?

A

Gonadal sex

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12
Q

What does gonadal sex determine?

A

Phenotypic sex

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13
Q

What are some further organisational effects of hormones at puberty?

A

Hormones released by the anterior pituitary (growth hormone, gonadotroipic hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone) -lead to development if secondary sexual characteristics

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14
Q

What did Masters and Johnson find?

A

4 stages of physiological response to sexual stimulation:
- Excitement
- Plateau
- Orgasm
- Resolution

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15
Q

What are the trends in homocide rates?

A

Men severe violence to men much more frequently than women to women
- Most victims and offenders are young men, suggesting involvement of testosterone

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16
Q

What is the mammalian oestrous cycle?

A

Cyclic patterns of gonadotropic secretion (FSH,LH) present only in females, prompted by surge in GnRH above tonic levels

17
Q

What does Oestrus mean?

A

Receptive period during which fertilisation is most likely to lead to pregnancy

18
Q

What is premenstrual dysphoric disorder?

A

Mood swings, depression, anxiety, irritability
- Difficulty concentrating
- Sleep problems
- Physical symptoms

19
Q

What treatments are based on?

A

Hormone therapy, antidepressants and surgery

20
Q

What are sexually dimorphic brain structure in birds?

A

Song control region in zebra finches
- 5-6 times larger in males than in females

21
Q

What is the difference between brain lateralisation in males and females?

A
  • Female brains less strongly lateralised with respect to various functions than male brains

Biological Psychology (8 decks)

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